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Principles I* > E4- Regional Neuroanatomy : Cranial N. > Flashcards

E4- Regional Neuroanatomy : Cranial N. Flashcards

1
Q

Name all twelve cranial nerves in order and name what category they fall in. MNEUMONIC

A
  • Ooh, Ooh, Ooh, to touch and feel very good velvet. Such heaven!
  • Some say marry money, but my brother says big brains matter more
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2
Q

What are the motor cranial nerves?

A
  • III: Oculomotor
  • IV: Trochlear
  • VI: Abducent
  • XI: Accessory
  • XII: Hypoglossal

3, 4, 6, 11, 12

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3
Q

What are the pure sensory cranial nerves (specialized signal transduction)?

A
  • I: Olfactory
  • II: Optic
  • VIII: Vestibulocochlear

1, 2, 8

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4
Q

What cranial nerve provides innervation to the superior oblique of the eye?

A
  • Cranial Nerve IV (Trochlear)
  • Eyeball up and down
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5
Q

How many muscles control the eyeballs?

A
  • 6 muscles
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6
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates 4 of the 6 muscles of the eyeball?

A
  • Cranial Nerve III (Oculomotor)
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7
Q

What cranial nerve provides innervation to the lateral rectus of the eyeball?

A
  • Cranial Nerve VI (Abducent)
  • Eyeball side to side
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8
Q

Where does cranial nerve XI (accessory nerve) provide motor innervation?

A
  • Sternocleidomastoid
  • Trapezius
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9
Q

Where does cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal nerve) provide motor innervation?

A
  • Tongue
  • Floor of mouth
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10
Q

What has second-order sensory neurons that descend through the cribriform plate and into the nasal cavity?

A
  • Olfactory nerve = 1
  • Olfactory Bulb
  • processed near frontal cortex
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11
Q

What nerve includes sensory transmission from eyeball - crossover at optic chiasm - to back of brain and processed at occipital lobe?

A

CN 2 - Optic nerve

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12
Q

What is another term for the occipital lobe?

A
  • Visual Cortex
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13
Q

What nerve involves the Vestibular Organ?
What do the 3 loops do?

A

CN8 = vestibulocochlear n.
coronal, horizontal, sagittal
balance + rotational acceleration

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14
Q

What are the 3 bones connected to the tympanic membrane?

A
  • Malleus
  • Incus
  • Stapes

sounds vibrate through membrane + move bones - movement measured by cochlea to hear

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15
Q

The movement and vibration through the tympanic membrane are measured through what structure?

A
  • Cochlea
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16
Q

What are the mixed cranial nerves?

A
  • V: Trigeminal
  • VII: Facial
  • IX: Glossopharyngeal
  • X: Vagus

5, 7, 9, 10

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17
Q

What are the sensory and motor function of the cranial nerve V (trigeminal nerve)?

A
  • Sensory front of the head
  • Chewing
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18
Q

What are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve?

A
  • V1: Ophthalmic
  • V2: Maxillary
  • V3: Mandibular
19
Q

What are the 2 primary sensory nerves of V1 ophthalmic sensory division?

A
  • Supraorbital Nerve = to top skull / eyeball
  • Supratrochlear Nerve = to top of nose
20
Q

What are the 2 primary sensory nerves of V2 maxillary sensory division?
What is special about it?

A
  • Infraorbital Nerve = front of face
  • Palatine Nerve = roof of the mouth
  • infraorbital out of infraorbital foramen
21
Q

What are the 3 primary sensory nerves of V3 mandibular sensory division?
special?

A
  • Inferior Alveolar Nerve = Jaw
  • Mental Nerve = Chin - as alveolar n. passes through foramen becomes this!
  • Lingual Nerve = Anterior 2/3 of tongue
  • Mental Foramena!!
22
Q

V1-V3 :: 4 head sensory nerves to know

A

o Supraorbital n.
o Infratrochlear n.
o Infraorbital n.
o Mental n.

23
Q

What are the two muscles involved in chewing?
what nerve?

A
  • Masseter
  • Temporalis Muscle
  • via V3 division of CN5
24
Q

What is the function of CN7?

A
  • Facial Nerve
  • majority muscles of face
  • glands in face (everything but parotid)
25
What cranial nerve provides posterior 1/3 sensation on the tongue?
* Cranial Nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal Nerve)
26
What cranial nerve provides the sensory component to the oropharynx of the soft palate?
* Cranial Nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal Nerve)
27
What cranial nerve is involved in transmitting signals from our chemoreceptors (carotid body) and baroreceptors (carotid sinus)?
* Cranial Nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal Nerve)
28
What gland is involved with Cranial Nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal Nerve)?
* Parotid Gland * Only gland in the face connected to CN IX. All other glands are connected to the CN VII (Facial Nerve)
29
Which cranial nerve provides a sensory inner/middle ear connection and auditory canal?
* Cranial Nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal Nerve) * mainly pain! * tonsils + back of tongue too
30
Efferent Review of the Cranial Nerve X (Vagus Nerve)
* Laryngeal muscles (speaking) * Pharyngeal constrictors * PSNS to heart (↓HR) * PSNS to GI (motility) * PSNS to lungs/airways (constriction) * PSNS
31
Sensory Review of the Cranial Nerve X (Vagus Nerve)
* Laryngopharynx * Larynx * Epiglottis * Trachea * Aortic arch: BP & acid/base
32
What is Branch #1 and Branch #2?
* 1: Pharyngeal Nerve * 2: Superior Laryngeal
33
The Superior Laryngeal branch divides into what divisions?
* Internal Larygneal Branch * External Laryngeal Branch
34
What does the external laryngeal branch do?
* Provides motor function to the cricothyroid muscle
35
What does the internal laryngeal branch do?
* Provide sensory to the top of the larynx
36
The right recurrent laryngeal nerve loops around what structure?
* Right subclavian artery
37
The left recurrent laryngeal nerve loops around what structure?
* Aortic arch
38
What did Schmidt want us to know about the Brachial Plexus in this lecture?
* Interconnected fibrous sheath covering over the trunks + parts of BP o Help absorb impact + protect underlying nerves * IF can get under sheath + put 15 cc of LA o  sheath will hold it in + cover a lot of pathways with 1 injection site
39
What are usually found surrounding nerves?
* blood vessels * o Smaller vessel branches go into deeper portions of nerve to supply with nutreients + oxygen
40
What is the most exterior fibrous covering of a nerve called?
* Outer Epineurium
41
What is an inner or interior epineurium?
* Chunks of Epineurium connective tissue that wraps around interior nerve **fascicles**. * The interior epineurium takes up space and provides nutrient support for the nerve fascicles
42
The connective tissue that creates a border between a nerve fascicle.
* Perineurium
43
The tissue inside the perineurium.
* Endoneurium
44
Supraclavicular Fossa
divot just above clavicle o Starting point for brachial plexus US

Principles I* (20 decks)

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