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Principles I* > E4- Regional Neuroanatomy : Cranial N. > Flashcards

E4- Regional Neuroanatomy : Cranial N. Flashcards

1
Q

Name all twelve cranial nerves in order and name what category they fall in. MNEUMONIC

A
  • Ooh, Ooh, Ooh, to touch and feel very good velvet. Such heaven!
  • Some say marry money, but my brother says big brains matter more
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2
Q

What are the motor cranial nerves?

A
  • III: Oculomotor
  • IV: Trochlear
  • VI: Abducent
  • XI: Accessory
  • XII: Hypoglossal

3, 4, 6, 11, 12

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3
Q

What are the pure sensory cranial nerves (specialized signal transduction)?

A
  • I: Olfactory
  • II: Optic
  • VIII: Vestibulocochlear

1, 2, 8

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4
Q

What cranial nerve provides innervation to the superior oblique of the eye?

A
  • Cranial Nerve IV (Trochlear)
  • Eyeball up and down
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5
Q

How many muscles control the eyeballs?

A
  • 6 muscles
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6
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates 4 of the 6 muscles of the eyeball?

A
  • Cranial Nerve III (Oculomotor)
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7
Q

What cranial nerve provides innervation to the lateral rectus of the eyeball?

A
  • Cranial Nerve VI (Abducent)
  • Eyeball side to side
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8
Q

Where does cranial nerve XI (accessory nerve) provide motor innervation?

A
  • Sternocleidomastoid
  • Trapezius
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9
Q

Where does cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal nerve) provide motor innervation?

A
  • Tongue
  • Floor of mouth
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10
Q

What has second-order sensory neurons that descend through the cribriform plate and into the nasal cavity?

A
  • Olfactory nerve = 1
  • Olfactory Bulb
  • processed near frontal cortex
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11
Q

What nerve includes sensory transmission from eyeball - crossover at optic chiasm - to back of brain and processed at occipital lobe?

A

CN 2 - Optic nerve

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12
Q

What is another term for the occipital lobe?

A
  • Visual Cortex
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13
Q

What nerve involves the Vestibular Organ?
What do the 3 loops do?

A

CN8 = vestibulocochlear n.
coronal, horizontal, sagittal
balance + rotational acceleration

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14
Q

What are the 3 bones connected to the tympanic membrane?

A
  • Malleus
  • Incus
  • Stapes

sounds vibrate through membrane + move bones - movement measured by cochlea to hear

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15
Q

The movement and vibration through the tympanic membrane are measured through what structure?

A
  • Cochlea
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16
Q

What are the mixed cranial nerves?

A
  • V: Trigeminal
  • VII: Facial
  • IX: Glossopharyngeal
  • X: Vagus

5, 7, 9, 10

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17
Q

What are the sensory and motor function of the cranial nerve V (trigeminal nerve)?

A
  • Sensory front of the head
  • Chewing
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18
Q

What are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve?

A
  • V1: Ophthalmic
  • V2: Maxillary
  • V3: Mandibular
19
Q

What are the 2 primary sensory nerves of V1 ophthalmic sensory division?

A
  • Supraorbital Nerve = to top skull / eyeball
  • Supratrochlear Nerve = to top of nose
20
Q

What are the 2 primary sensory nerves of V2 maxillary sensory division?
What is special about it?

A
  • Infraorbital Nerve = front of face
  • Palatine Nerve = roof of the mouth
  • infraorbital out of infraorbital foramen
21
Q

What are the 3 primary sensory nerves of V3 mandibular sensory division?
special?

A
  • Inferior Alveolar Nerve = Jaw
  • Mental Nerve = Chin - as alveolar n. passes through foramen becomes this!
  • Lingual Nerve = Anterior 2/3 of tongue
  • Mental Foramena!!
22
Q

V1-V3 :: 4 head sensory nerves to know

A

o Supraorbital n.
o Infratrochlear n.
o Infraorbital n.
o Mental n.

23
Q

What are the two muscles involved in chewing?
what nerve?

A
  • Masseter
  • Temporalis Muscle
  • via V3 division of CN5
24
Q

What is the function of CN7?

A
  • Facial Nerve
  • majority muscles of face
  • glands in face (everything but parotid)
25
Q

What cranial nerve provides posterior 1/3 sensation on the tongue?

A
  • Cranial Nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal Nerve)
26
Q

What cranial nerve provides the sensory component to the oropharynx of the soft palate?

A
  • Cranial Nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal Nerve)
27
Q

What cranial nerve is involved in transmitting signals from our chemoreceptors (carotid body) and baroreceptors (carotid sinus)?

A
  • Cranial Nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal Nerve)
28
Q

What gland is involved with Cranial Nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal Nerve)?

A
  • Parotid Gland
  • Only gland in the face connected to CN IX. All other glands are connected to the CN VII (Facial Nerve)
29
Q

Which cranial nerve provides a sensory inner/middle ear connection and auditory canal?

A
  • Cranial Nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal Nerve)
  • mainly pain!
  • tonsils + back of tongue too
30
Q

Efferent Review of the Cranial Nerve X (Vagus Nerve)

A
  • Laryngeal muscles (speaking)
  • Pharyngeal constrictors
  • PSNS to heart (↓HR)
  • PSNS to GI (motility)
  • PSNS to lungs/airways (constriction)
  • PSNS
31
Q

Sensory Review of the Cranial Nerve X (Vagus Nerve)

A
  • Laryngopharynx
  • Larynx
  • Epiglottis
  • Trachea
  • Aortic arch: BP & acid/base
32
Q

What is Branch #1 and Branch #2?

A
  • 1: Pharyngeal Nerve
  • 2: Superior Laryngeal
33
Q

The Superior Laryngeal branch divides into what divisions?

A
  • Internal Larygneal Branch
  • External Laryngeal Branch
34
Q

What does the external laryngeal branch do?

A
  • Provides motor function to the cricothyroid muscle
35
Q

What does the internal laryngeal branch do?

A
  • Provide sensory to the top of the larynx
36
Q

The right recurrent laryngeal nerve loops around what structure?

A
  • Right subclavian artery
37
Q

The left recurrent laryngeal nerve loops around what structure?

A
  • Aortic arch
38
Q

What did Schmidt want us to know about the Brachial Plexus in this lecture?

A
  • Interconnected fibrous sheath covering over the trunks + parts of BP
    o Help absorb impact + protect underlying nerves
  • IF can get under sheath + put 15 cc of LA
    o  sheath will hold it in + cover a lot of pathways with 1 injection site
39
Q

What are usually found surrounding nerves?

A
  • blood vessels
  • o Smaller vessel branches go into deeper portions of nerve to supply with nutreients + oxygen
40
Q

What is the most exterior fibrous covering of a nerve called?

A
  • Outer Epineurium
41
Q

What is an inner or interior epineurium?

A
  • Chunks of Epineurium connective tissue that wraps around interior nerve fascicles.
  • The interior epineurium takes up space and provides nutrient support for the nerve fascicles
42
Q

The connective tissue that creates a border between a nerve fascicle.

A
  • Perineurium
43
Q

The tissue inside the perineurium.

A
  • Endoneurium
44
Q

Supraclavicular Fossa

A

divot just above clavicle
o Starting point for brachial plexus US

Principles I* (20 decks)

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