E4- Regional Neuroanatomy : Cranial N. Flashcards
Name all twelve cranial nerves in order and name what category they fall in. MNEUMONIC
- Ooh, Ooh, Ooh, to touch and feel very good velvet. Such heaven!
- Some say marry money, but my brother says big brains matter more
What are the motor cranial nerves?
- III: Oculomotor
- IV: Trochlear
- VI: Abducent
- XI: Accessory
- XII: Hypoglossal
3, 4, 6, 11, 12
What are the pure sensory cranial nerves (specialized signal transduction)?
- I: Olfactory
- II: Optic
- VIII: Vestibulocochlear
1, 2, 8
What cranial nerve provides innervation to the superior oblique of the eye?
- Cranial Nerve IV (Trochlear)
- Eyeball up and down
How many muscles control the eyeballs?
- 6 muscles
Which cranial nerve innervates 4 of the 6 muscles of the eyeball?
- Cranial Nerve III (Oculomotor)
What cranial nerve provides innervation to the lateral rectus of the eyeball?
- Cranial Nerve VI (Abducent)
- Eyeball side to side
Where does cranial nerve XI (accessory nerve) provide motor innervation?
- Sternocleidomastoid
- Trapezius
Where does cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal nerve) provide motor innervation?
- Tongue
- Floor of mouth
What has second-order sensory neurons that descend through the cribriform plate and into the nasal cavity?
- Olfactory nerve = 1
- Olfactory Bulb
- processed near frontal cortex
What nerve includes sensory transmission from eyeball - crossover at optic chiasm - to back of brain and processed at occipital lobe?
CN 2 - Optic nerve
What is another term for the occipital lobe?
- Visual Cortex
What nerve involves the Vestibular Organ?
What do the 3 loops do?
CN8 = vestibulocochlear n.
coronal, horizontal, sagittal
balance + rotational acceleration
What are the 3 bones connected to the tympanic membrane?
- Malleus
- Incus
- Stapes
sounds vibrate through membrane + move bones - movement measured by cochlea to hear
The movement and vibration through the tympanic membrane are measured through what structure?
- Cochlea
What are the mixed cranial nerves?
- V: Trigeminal
- VII: Facial
- IX: Glossopharyngeal
- X: Vagus
5, 7, 9, 10
What are the sensory and motor function of the cranial nerve V (trigeminal nerve)?
- Sensory front of the head
- Chewing
What are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve?
- V1: Ophthalmic
- V2: Maxillary
- V3: Mandibular
What are the 2 primary sensory nerves of V1 ophthalmic sensory division?
- Supraorbital Nerve = to top skull / eyeball
- Supratrochlear Nerve = to top of nose
What are the 2 primary sensory nerves of V2 maxillary sensory division?
What is special about it?
- Infraorbital Nerve = front of face
- Palatine Nerve = roof of the mouth
- infraorbital out of infraorbital foramen
What are the 3 primary sensory nerves of V3 mandibular sensory division?
special?
- Inferior Alveolar Nerve = Jaw
- Mental Nerve = Chin - as alveolar n. passes through foramen becomes this!
- Lingual Nerve = Anterior 2/3 of tongue
- Mental Foramena!!
V1-V3 :: 4 head sensory nerves to know
o Supraorbital n.
o Infratrochlear n.
o Infraorbital n.
o Mental n.
What are the two muscles involved in chewing?
what nerve?
- Masseter
- Temporalis Muscle
- via V3 division of CN5
What is the function of CN7?
- Facial Nerve
- majority muscles of face
- glands in face (everything but parotid)
What cranial nerve provides posterior 1/3 sensation on the tongue?
- Cranial Nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal Nerve)
What cranial nerve provides the sensory component to the oropharynx of the soft palate?
- Cranial Nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal Nerve)
What cranial nerve is involved in transmitting signals from our chemoreceptors (carotid body) and baroreceptors (carotid sinus)?
- Cranial Nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal Nerve)
What gland is involved with Cranial Nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal Nerve)?
- Parotid Gland
- Only gland in the face connected to CN IX. All other glands are connected to the CN VII (Facial Nerve)
Which cranial nerve provides a sensory inner/middle ear connection and auditory canal?
- Cranial Nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal Nerve)
- mainly pain!
- tonsils + back of tongue too
Efferent Review of the Cranial Nerve X (Vagus Nerve)
- Laryngeal muscles (speaking)
- Pharyngeal constrictors
- PSNS to heart (↓HR)
- PSNS to GI (motility)
- PSNS to lungs/airways (constriction)
- PSNS
Sensory Review of the Cranial Nerve X (Vagus Nerve)
- Laryngopharynx
- Larynx
- Epiglottis
- Trachea
- Aortic arch: BP & acid/base
What is Branch #1 and Branch #2?
- 1: Pharyngeal Nerve
- 2: Superior Laryngeal
The Superior Laryngeal branch divides into what divisions?
- Internal Larygneal Branch
- External Laryngeal Branch
What does the external laryngeal branch do?
- Provides motor function to the cricothyroid muscle
What does the internal laryngeal branch do?
- Provide sensory to the top of the larynx
The right recurrent laryngeal nerve loops around what structure?
- Right subclavian artery
The left recurrent laryngeal nerve loops around what structure?
- Aortic arch
What did Schmidt want us to know about the Brachial Plexus in this lecture?
- Interconnected fibrous sheath covering over the trunks + parts of BP
o Help absorb impact + protect underlying nerves - IF can get under sheath + put 15 cc of LA
o sheath will hold it in + cover a lot of pathways with 1 injection site
What are usually found surrounding nerves?
- blood vessels
- o Smaller vessel branches go into deeper portions of nerve to supply with nutreients + oxygen
What is the most exterior fibrous covering of a nerve called?
- Outer Epineurium
What is an inner or interior epineurium?
- Chunks of Epineurium connective tissue that wraps around interior nerve fascicles.
- The interior epineurium takes up space and provides nutrient support for the nerve fascicles
The connective tissue that creates a border between a nerve fascicle.
- Perineurium
The tissue inside the perineurium.
- Endoneurium
Supraclavicular Fossa
divot just above clavicle
o Starting point for brachial plexus US
