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Principles I* > E3- Anesthesia Machine I > Flashcards

E3- Anesthesia Machine I Flashcards

1
Q
  • What group oversees the standards of the anesthesia machine?
  • When did standard begin + last reapproved?
A
  • American Society for Testing and Materials
  • 1979 + 2005
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2
Q

What should the anesthesia machine do?

A
  • Provide accurate and safe gas delivery
  • Provide a means for ventilating patients
  • Provide electrical outlets
  • Provide a housing for monitoring devices
  • Provide storage/shelving
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3
Q

What features of the anesthesia works if the Master Switch is ON?

A

o Pneumatic + electrical functions properly
o Activates alarms + safety features
o Power-up protocol can be bypassed

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4
Q

What features of the anesthesia works if the Master Switch is OFF?

A
  • Battery charger
  • Electrical outlets
  • Oxygen flush valve is active
  • Auxillary Oxygen flowmeter

*Electronic functions disabled *

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5
Q

Power Failure Indicator

  • Visual or _______ alarm
  • How do you keep battery back up at highest level?
A
  • audible
  • keep machine plugged in
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6
Q

Power Failure Indicator

  • The duration of back up power depends on _______ _______
  • What is the best way to save power on your ventilator if you lose power during an operation?
  • What are the hospital’s back-up?
A
  • power usage
  • Switch from control ventilator to manual ventilation
  • Red outlets
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7
Q

What are the electrical outlets on back of the anesthesia machine used to power?

A
  • Anesthesia monitors ONLY
  • Other appliances should be plugged into hospital’s main outlets
  • If requirements exceed outlet; circuit breaker will activate - cause whole machine to go out
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8
Q

What are the 3 parts of the pneumatic system?

A
  • High Pressure
  • Intermediate Pressure
  • Low Pressure
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9
Q
  • The high-pressure system receives gas from the _______
  • At a _____ + _____ pressure
  • The presssure is _____ psi
A
  • Cylinders
  • high + variable
  • 2200
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10
Q

What is 4 purpose of the Hanger Yoke?

A
  • Orients and support the cylinder
  • Provide a gas-tight seal
  • Ensures unidirectional flow
  • Required to have a least 1 yoke for oxygen and 1 for nitrous
    o Not required for air
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11
Q
  • High pressure system uses a ______ _______ that lowers + makes pressure more constant.
  • How much PSI?
  • What would happen without these?
A
  • pressure regulator
  • 45 PSI
  • constantly change flowmeter
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12
Q

What are 6 parts of Hanger Yoke?

A
  • Body- principal framework
  • Retaining screw- tightens cylinder (clamp)
  • Nipple- thru which gas enters the machine
  • Index pins- prevents attaching an incorrect cylinder (PISS)
  • Washer- forms seal between cylinder and yoke
  • Check valve assembly- ensure unidirectional flow

Body Rub Nipple Intense Washing Cream

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the check valve assembly of the hanger yoke?

A
  • Ensures unidirectional flow
  • Prevent gas from exiting the machine when there is no cylinder in the yoke
  • Prevent gas from being transferred from a cylinder with higher pressure to one with lower pressure
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14
Q
  • How do cylinder pressure indicators (gauges) work?
  • What is the gauge required to be calibrated in?
A
  • Must be present for each gas!
  • Bourdon Tubes – curved hollow tubes
    o Working mechanism for analogue pressure devices
    o Pressure changes increase/decrease curve
    o Motion is transmitted to indicator needle on front of pressure gauge
  • gauge required in kilopascals (kPa) or psi
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15
Q

%%%%%

What is the purpose of pressure regulators?

A
  • Reduce high, variable pressure in cylinders to lower constant pressure for the machine.
  • One pressure regulator must be present for each cylinder

Pressure regulators are also called reducing valves

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16
Q

What are the components of the high-pressure system?

A
  • Cylinder
  • Hanger Yoke
  • Check Valve Assembly
  • Cylinder Pressure Indicator - bourdan tubes
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17
Q
  • Where 2 places intermediate system get its pressure from?
  • PSI of each?
A
  • Receives pressure from the cylinder, specifically the pressure regulator (45 psi)
  • Receives pressure from the pipeline (50-55 psi)
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18
Q

What is the intermediate pressure system pressure if the master switch is OFF?

A
  • 0 mmHg
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19
Q

What 6 included in the intermediate pressure system?

A
  • Pneumatic part of the master switch
  • Pipeline inlet connections
  • Piping
  • Oxygen pressure failure devices
  • Oxygen flush valve
  • Flow control valves
20
Q

What is the pipeline inlet connection?
What are the inlets fitted with?

A
  • The entry point for gases from the pipelines.
  • fitted with a diameter index safety system (DISS)
21
Q

The anesthesia machines are required to have pipeline inlets for what gases?

A
  • Required: Oxygen and Nitrous
  • Most also have air
22
Q

What is required and will prevent the anesthesia machine gas from returning to the pipeline?

A
  • Unidirectional check valve
23
Q

Where is the pipeline pressure indicator located?
Newer machines may have _____ number display

A
  • Found on front of the anesthesia machine
  • LED
  • Required for each gas monitored

Picture next to the pressure indicator signifies whether gas is from the pipeline or cylinder.

24
Q

The piping connects the components inside the machine and must be able to withstand ______ times the intended pressure.

A
  • 4 times (about 200 psi)
25
Q

Leaks must not exceed __________ ml/min inside the anesthesia machine.

A
  • 25 ml/min
26
Q

How does the oxygen failure safety device work?
What does it do?
When will the oxgen failure alarm sound within?

A
  • If O2 pressure is reduced to 30 psi,
    nitrous will decrease or discontinue to
    maintain at least 19% O2 concentration at the common gas outlet.
  •  Continues until oxygen flow ceases
  •  Simulated in machine check
  • 5 seconds
27
Q

What two places does the oxygen flush get its supply?

A
  • Receives oxygen from pipeline inlet
  • Receives oxygen from cylinder pressure regulator
28
Q

What are the 5 standards for the oxygen flush?

A
  • Must be operable with 1 hand
  • Single purpose
  • Self-closing
  • Designed to minimize accidental use
  • Have flow between **35-75 L/min **(can cause barotrauma)
29
Q

What are the hazards of using the oxygen flush?

A
  • Barotrauma
  • Awareness - diluting vapor
30
Q

What is the function of the flow adjustment control?
2 requirements?

A
  • Regulate the flow of oxygen, air, and other gases
  • knobs on flowmeters lol
    ^^
  • Mechanical (knob) or electronic (arrow buttons)
  • Must be only one control for each gas
    o must be adjacent to its flowmeter
31
Q

What is unique about the oxygen flow knob?

A
  • It must be fluted + larger than other gases (looks and feels different)
32
Q

What are the 5 components of the low-pressure system?

A
  • Flowmeters
  • Hypoxia prevention devices
  • Unidirectional valves (within the machine)
  • Pressure relief devices
  • Common gas outlet
33
Q
  • The low-pressure system is downstream of ___________.
  • pressure is slightly above atmospheric + ________.
  • pressure depends on ?
A
  • flow control devices (knobs)
  • variable
  • flow from flowmeters + back pressure from circuit
34
Q

What indicates the rate that gas passes through?

A
  • Flowmeter

Thorpe tube design, small diameter at the bottom, wider at the top

35
Q
  • Flowmeters are also known as ________ tubes.
  • smallest diameter at the _______ with free floating indicator
  • must be marked with apropriate _______ and _______
  • a 2nd stage regulator maintains what psi?
  • gas empties into a __________________-
A
  • Thorpe
  • bottom
  • color + symbol
  • 14-30 psi
  • common manifold
36
Q
  • What is the flowmeter sequence or normal gas flow pattern?
  • Drager vs. Ohmeda sequence?
A
  • Normal gas flow bottom to top + Left to right
  • Drager = nitrous, air, o2 … ohmeda = air nitrous o2

Drager = similar to dragon – has an N – Nitrous first

37
Q

The standard requires oxygen flowmeter to be placed on the _______ side.

A
  • right

least chance of leaking and being hypoxic.

38
Q

What are the hypoxia prevention devices?

A
  • Mandatory Minimum Oxygen Flow
  • Minimum Oxygen Ratio
39
Q

The mandatory minimum oxygen flow is _______ ml/min.

A
  • 50 to 250 ml/min
  • activated when master switch is ON
40
Q

What is the minimum oxygen ratio?
How does it work?

A
  • Gas ratio between oxygen and nitrous
  • uses mechanical linkage with nitrous
  • Link engages when oxgyen concentration is** 25%.`**
41
Q

Where are the unidirectional valves located in the low-pressure system?

A
  • Located between the vaporizer and common gas outlet.
42
Q
  • The low-pressure unidirectional valves are upstream (before) from the _________ valve.
  • They lessen the __________________ from flush or breathing circuit
A
  • Oxygen Flush
  • back pressure (pumping effct)
43
Q
  • What are pressure relief valves located near?
  • They are open to atmosphere + _______ excess pressure
  • what do these valves prevent?
A
  • common gas outlet
  • vents
  • barotrauma
44
Q

What is the drawback to the pressure relief valve of the low-pressure system?

A
  • Limits the ability of the machine to provide adequate jet ventilation
45
Q

The common gas outlet should not be used for __________.
What could it cause?

A
  • Supplemental oxygen
  • This can cause delay in emergencies and cause potential delivery of inhalation agents.
46
Q
  • What component receives all gases from the machine and delivers the mixture to the circle system?
  • What must it be?
A
  • Common gas outlet
  • difficult to disconnect
47
Q

What can deliver oxygen in case of an electronic power failure?

A
  • Alternate (auxillary) Oxygen Control

If you press this button, everything shuts off but this oxygen back up supply.

Principles I* (20 decks)

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