E3 Test Questions (Physiology and Histology of the Skin)

Question 1

Physiology is most accurately described as the study of:

Answer 1

functions of body structures

Question 2

The largest organ of the body is the

Answer 2

skin

Question 3

Appendages of the skin include:

Answer 3

hair, nails, sweat glands, oil glands, and sensory nerves.

Question 4

What removes and depletes lipids?

Answer 4

exfoliation

Question 5

What does the skin protect against?

Answer 5

outside elements and microorganisms

Question 6

The barrier function of the skin includes:

Answer 6

the acid mantle

Question 7

What is the average PH of the acid mantle?

Answer 7

5.5

Question 8

What does TEWL stand for?

Answer 8

transepidermal water loss

Question 9

The intercellular cement between epidermal cells is made up of:

Answer 9

lipids

Question 10

The immune cells that mature in the thymus gland and attack virus infected cells, foreign cells and cancer cells are the

Answer 10

T-cells

Question 11

Sensory nerve fibers are most abundant in the

Answer 11

fingertips

Question 12

The average body’s internal thermostat is set at:

Answer 12

98.6 degrees

Question 13

Which glands excrete perspiration?

Answer 13

sudoriferous

Question 14

The sebaceous glands

Answer 14

excrete sebum

Question 15

What does not beyond the DEJ mean?

Answer 15

not beyond the epidermal layer

Question 16

About 95 percent of the epidermis is made up of

Answer 16

keratinocytes

Question 17

Give a description of the stratum lucidum:

Answer 17

the clear layer

Question 18

What is the average adult skin cell turnover rate?

Answer 18

28 days

Question 19

Desuqamation is the

Answer 19

shedding of keratinocytes from the skin

Question 20

Squamous cells are

Answer 20

flat, scaly cells

Question 21

What layer of the epidermis is located below the stratum corneum?

Answer 21

the stratum lucidum

Question 22

What part of the body is the skin the thickest?

Answer 22

palms of hands

Question 23

Keratin and intercellular lipids are formed in the

Answer 23

stratum granulosum

Question 24

Which layer of the skin contains melanocytes?

Answer 24

stratum germinativum

Question 25

Mitosis occurs in which layer of the skin?

Answer 25

stratum germanitivum

Question 26

Which cells in the basal layer produce pigment granules?

Answer 26

melanocytes

Question 27

The thickest layer of the skin is the

Answer 27

dermis

Question 28

The two layers of the dermis are

Answer 28

reticular and papillary

Question 29

What is the technical name for a nail?

Answer 29

onyx

Question 30

How long does it take for a fingernail to completely grow out?

Answer 30

4 to 6 months

Question 31

Stretch marks are caused by

Answer 31

damaged elastin fibers

Question 32

The primary cause of wrinkles is the damage and loss of

Answer 32

elastin

Question 33

Found below the reticular layer of the dermis; also called subcutis tissue

Answer 33

adipose

Question 34

Is the stratum epithelium a layer of the epidermis?

Answer 34

no

Question 35

If you have folliculitis, you have

Answer 35

inflammation of the follicle

Question 36

What fibers stimulate the arrector pili muscles?

Answer 36

motor nerves

Question 37

Differences in genetic skin color are due to the

Answer 37

amount of melanin activated in the skin

Question 38

Products that suppress melanin production by interrupting biochemical processes are referred to as

Answer 38

tyrosinase inhibitors

Question 39

Apocrine glands are most active

Answer 39

during emotional changes

Question 40

What do cells need in order to survive?

Answer 40

nourishment, protection, and the ability to function

Question 41

What does alpha hydroxy acid do?

Answer 41

stimulates cell turnover

Question 42

What is the greatest aging effect on the skin?

Answer 42

UV Rays

Question 43

Known as burning rays; cause burning of the skin, tanning, aging, and cancer

Answer 43

UVB rays

Question 44

What percent of aging is caused by sun exposure?

Answer 44

80 to 85

Question 45

As estrogen depletes, skin begins to

Answer 45

lose its tone

Question 46

What is the main function of secretory nerve fibers?

Answer 46

regulate excretion from the sweat glands and control sebum output

Question 47

Made up of neurons that form a network of pathways for conducting information throughout the body

Answer 47

nerves

Question 48

Nerve fibers send messages to which system to react to heat and cold?

Answer 48

central nervous system

Question 49

Why are apocrine glands not considered true sweat glands by some medical authorities?

Answer 49

Their openings connect to oil glands instead of pore openings

Question 50

Which system controls the secretion of sweat?

Answer 50

nervous system

Question 51

Glands that secrete oil; glands that secrete sweat.

Answer 51

sebaceous; sudoriferous

Question 52

The loss of excess fluid may lead to what in the body?

Answer 52

dehydration

Question 53

What are cordlike bundles of fibers made up of neurons through which sensory stimuli pass?

Answer 53

nerves

Question 54

Where are the largest sebaceous glands found?

Answer 54

the face

Question 55

Free radicals take ___________ from compounds in the body.

Answer 55

electrons

Question 56

Is collagen an antioxidant

Answer 56

no

Question 57

Glycation, an intrinsic part of the aging process, is caused by:

Answer 57

a rise in blood sugar

Question 58

What can an esthetician suggest to a client experiencing menopause to balance their estrogen level?

Answer 58

hormone replacement therapy