E3 Personality Disorders Flashcards
Exam 3
Behavior and inner experience that is exhibited in a wide range of contexts; enduring
Personality
Personality disorder originate in
adolescence or early adulthood, continue through adulthood
For children to be diagnosed with a personality disorder, it must be prevalent for
1 year
Enduring or stable traits that deviate from cultural expectations and result in significant distress/impairment
Personality disorder
What is so special about personality disorders compared to others?
It is frequently ego-syntonic
What does ego-syntonic mean? How does this affect client?
Seen as normal to the person with disorder; less likely to seek help because they believe it is normal
Are people with personality disorders likely to change (remit) after help?
NO
What are clusters A, B, and C?
A: Odd or eccentric
B. Dramatic, emotional, erratic
C: Fearful or anxious
Cluster A: Odd and Eccentric
What disorders?
Paranoid, Schizotypal, Schizoid
Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, Erratic
What Disorders?
Anti-social, Borderline, Histrionic, Narcissistic
Cluster C: Fearful or Anxious
What Disorders?
Avoidant, Dependent, OCD
Is comorbidity high in personality disorders?
Yes, very
What are the 7 characteristics of paranoid disorder? Cluster?
4
1. Suspects others are out to harm/ exploit them
2. Doubts of loyalty
3. Reluctance to confide
4. Reads into hidden threatening messages
5. Consistently bears grudges
6. Quick to react angrily
7. Recurrent suspicious of partner
Do Cluster A types have a good relationship with others?
No
What disorder is a detachment from social relationships and restricted expression or emotion? Cluster?
Schizoid; A
What are the 7 symptoms of Schizoid ?
- Neither enjoy nor desire relationships
- Almost always chooses solitary activities
- Limited sex experiences
- Takes pleasure in few activities (if any)
- Lack of close friends
- Indifferent to praise or criticism
- Emotional coldness
What disorder is odd ideas or thinking? Cluster?
Schizotypal; A
A patient comes in believing they can read minds. They mention they have very bad social anxiety, and they do not have many friends. What disorder?
Schizotypal
What disorder is closely linked with schizophrenia?
Schizotypal
What disorder exhibits a pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluations? What Cluster?
Avoidant; C
How does avoidant personality differ from schizoid?
Avoidant has social inhibitions because of fear of rejection, while schizoid does not
A client comes in expressing a large fear of rejection. He also avoids occupational activities and does not try new activities. What disorder?
Avoidant Personality
What disorder is a pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation? Cluster ?
Dependent; C
Do dependent personality clients remain in bad relationships or do they leave quickly?
Stay
True or False: Dependent personality clients freely express their own opinion
False; difficulty expressing opinion
What disorder is characterized by a pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental/interpersonal control? Cluster?
Obsessive-compulsive personality; C
A patient comes in with a workaholic personality. He says that he broke up with his last partner due to her lack of ethics. He also tends to make lists of everything he does.
Obsessive Compulsive Personality
What disorder is also called “psychopathy” or “sociopathy”?
Anti-social personality
What disorder is represented by superficial charm, enhanced self-appraisal, need for stim., lack of remorse, manipulative, lying?
Anti-social
What is anti-social disorder before the age of 15?
Conduct Disorder
What disorder is characterized by a persistent and repetitive pattern in which basic rights of others and appropriate social norms are violated? Cluster?
Anti-social; B
A client comes in with a lack of remorse for crashing his car while drunk. He is also very irritable and often uses drugs. What disorder would they be diagnosed with?
Anti-social personality
What disorder is characterized by pervasive patterns of instability and impulsiveness? Cluster?
Borderline Personality; B
What 9 behaviors are associated with Borderline?
- Fears of abandonment
- Unstable mood
- Intense personality relations
- Identity disturbance
- Impulsivity
- Inappropriate anger
- Feelings of emptiness
- Stress-related paranoid ideation
- Suicidal/self-mutilating behavior
What disorder is characterized by a pervasive pattern of attention seeking and excessive emotionality?
Histrionic Personality
What disorder is characterized by being the life of the party that uses their appearance to seek attention?
Histrionic Personality
What personality type is characterized by a pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy? Cluster?
Narcissistic Personality; B
What personality type would strongly believe that they are special/ unique?
Narcissistic
What personality type is envious of others beliefs?
Narcissistic
What are the major issues with personality disorders? (3)
- Comorbidity
- Incorrect categorization
- Why these specific structures? (like why dependent personality not independent)
What are the big five personality factors?
- Neuroticism
- Agreeableness
- Extraversion/introversion
- Openness to experience
- Conscientious
Does the DSM-V criteria for personality disorders operate on a categorical or dimensional plane?
Categorical; you either have the disorder or you do not
What two disorders do men exhibit more?
Antisocial and Narcissistic
What three disorders do women exhibit more?
- Borderline
- Histrionic
- Dependent
What is the major difference between Cleckley’s criteria and the DSM-V’s?
Cleckley focuses more on underlying behavior, while the DSM focuses on observable behaviors
What disorder is common linked to criminality?
Antisocial
People with low IQ are most likely to develop
Anti-social disorder
The orphanage study of children with antisocial personality disorder helped prove
genetic factors may be important only in the presence of certain environmental influences
True or False: People with antisocial have very high levels of natural arousal
False; require high stimulating activities to be stimulated
Promising treatment for borderline personality disorder that involves exposing the client to stressors in a controlled situation, as well as helping the client regulate emotions and cope with stressors that might trigger suicidal behavior.
Dialect Behavior Therapy
True or False: Those who develop BPD usually have early childhood trauma
True
What is the NT deficiency in BPD?
Dysfunctional serotonin NTs
True or False: BPD patients have a lower emotional sensitivity
False; Much more emotional
Do genetics play a role in developing antisocial/psychopathy disorder?
Yes; offspring of felons separated from mom still became criminals
What else is needed besides genetics in developing anti social?
Environmental stressors
True or False: General brain damage explains why people become criminals
False
What neurotransmitter is very involved in anti-social development?
Cortisol
What brain area is involved in the development of borderline ?
Limbic system
What neurotransmitter plays a role in BPD?
Serotonin
What are the environmental risk factors for BPD? (FIGC)
- Childhood trauma
- Invalidating environment
- family dysfunction
- Genetics
What treatment focuses on emotional regulation, interpersonal effectiveness, distress tolerance and mindfulness? What disorder?
BPD; Psychotherapy
What POV thinks delusions are an attempt to deal with and relieve anxiety and stress?
Motivational
What POV thinks delusions are resulting from brain dysfunction that creates these disordered cognitions or perceptions?
Deficit
