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PSY395 Abnormal Psychology > E2 Mood Disorders: BPD and Depressive Disorder > Flashcards

E2 Mood Disorders: BPD and Depressive Disorder Flashcards

Exam 2

1
Q

Major Depressive Disorders must have (2)

A
  1. one or more depressive episodes
  2. FIVE or more of the NINE symptoms for atleast 2 weeks
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2
Q

What are the two defining symptoms of depression

A
  1. Depressed mood (overall sadness, empty, hopelessness)
  2. Anhedonia (diminished interest/pleasure in activities)
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3
Q

What is diminished interest and/or pleasure in activities?

A

Anhedonia

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4
Q

What are the 4 physical symptoms of depression?

A
  1. Sleep disturbance (insomnia v. hypersomnia)
  2. Psychomotor Disturbance (agitation V. retardation)
  3. Fatigue/low energy
  4. Significant weight/appetite change (too much too little)
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5
Q

What are the 3 cognitive symptoms of depression?

A
  1. Feelings of worthlessness/ inappropriate guilt
  2. Impaired ability to think, concentrate, or make decision
  3. Recurrent suicidal thoughts
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6
Q

What is a longer lasting (2 years) depression with fewer symptoms (2 or more) W/O meeting MDD criteria

A

Persistent Depressive Disorder

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7
Q

What are the two main poles of Bipolar disorder?

A

Manic depressive episodes VS. Major depressive episodes

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8
Q

What is a persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood?

A

Manic episode

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9
Q

A manic episode must have 3 out of the 4 out of the following:

A
  1. Inflated self-esteem
  2. Hyperactivity
  3. Excessive involvement in goal-directed activities
  4. Excessive involvement in high-risk activities
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10
Q

In MDD, they are things called ____________ that are explained as subtypes of different MDDs

A

Specifier

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11
Q

A specifier that deals with delusions or any other hallucinations

A

Psychotic Features

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12
Q

A specifier that deals with feelings of tenseness, worry, or feeling like they are losing control

A

Anxious Distress

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13
Q

A specifier in which sometimes manic episodes have some depression integrated within

A

Mixed features

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14
Q

A specifier in which patients tend to overeat, oversleep

Also known as the opposite of melancholic depression

A

Atypical (hyperactive) depression

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15
Q

A specifier in which women have a depression from right before a baby is born

A

Peripartum

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16
Q

A specifier in which the sleep/weight increase in response to a new season

A

Seasonal Depression

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17
Q

What is the diathesis-stress approach to viewing the causes of mood disorders?

A

Due to hereditary, certain individuals can develop MD in a stressful environment

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18
Q

Are mood disorders genetic?

A

Yes

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19
Q

1st degree relatives to mood disorder are ________ more/less likely to develop an MD

A

2-3x MORE

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20
Q

Are identical or fraternal twins more likely to both have an MD

A

Identical

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21
Q

Anxiety and depression have similar/different genetic vulnerability?

A

Similar

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22
Q

Are people who are diagnosed with BPD genetically predisposed to having mania and depression?

A

YES

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23
Q

Do mania and depression have similar/different genetic vulnerabilities?

24
Q

Drugs cause an immediate increase in seratonin, BUT ______________________________________. This proves?

A

it takes a couple weeks on ser to actually improve

Seratonin deficit isn’t the only thing controlling depression

25
Are low levels of seratonin causing depression or being caused by depression?
We don't know!
26
With low serotonin, other NTs are allowed to vary more widely
Permissive Hypothesis (low ser PERMITS other NTS)
27
What type of events are strongly related to the development of MDs?
Social (public humiliation, social rejection)
28
High cortisol results in damage to the __________
hippocampus (memory)
29
Cortisol
Stress hormone
30
Who first studied the learned helplessness model of depression?
Seligman
31
What did Seligman's learned helplessness study do (steps)?
Studied rats under three conditions 1. No shock 2. Shocked with control 3. Shocked without control
32
What was the finding of learned helplessness ?
The group that got shocked without control did not escape when given the chance
33
If you fail multiple tests after studying hard, you will stop studying. This shows
Learned helplessness
34
What are the 3 types of depressive attribution styles?
1. Internal 2. Stable 3. Global
35
Negative outcomes are MY fault- what type of attribution style?
Interal
36
The cause is unchangeable "I will NEVER succeed"- what type of attribution style?
Stable
37
Negative events are generalized (failing a math test and saying Im not smart)- what type of attribution style?
Global
38
What is the main treatment for depressive disorder?
SSRIs
39
Prozac, Lexapro, Paxil, Zoloft, Celexa are all examples of
SSRIs
40
What is the partial symptom relief rate of SSRIs? Full symptom relief rate?
50% 25-30%
41
The main side effect of SSRI is
sexual dysfunction/desire
42
SSRIs only work well on
Severe Depression
43
What is the difference between unipolar and bipolar disorder?
Unipolar only has one side (only depression or only mania), while bipolar goes from one end to the other
44
Condition in which the individual experiences both elation and depression or anxiety at the same time
Mixed Features
45
A specifier that involves an absence of movement
Catatonic features
46
Alternation of major depressive episodes with hypomanic episodes (not full manic episodes)
Bipolar II
47
Alternation of major depressive episodes with full manic episodes
Bipolar I
48
What do depressed 3-month old babies show about depression?
Depression is a genetic condition
49
What two age groups seem to express major depressive episodes commonly?
Adolescence and elderly people
50
Depression in adults is strongly tied in with gender and race. What is the most common race and gender for depression?
White females (69.6%)
51
the genetic patterns associated with bipolar disorder may also carry the spark of _____________
Creativity
52
True or False: Somatic symptoms characterizing mood disorders are nearly equivalent across cultures
True
53
True or False: Stressful lives are very much related to mood disorders
True
54
Who suggested that depression may result from a tendency to interpret everyday events in a negative way?
Aaron Beck
55
Thinking errors in depressed people negatively focused in three areas: themselves, their immediate world, and their future
Depressed Cognitive Triad
56
True or False: Family therapy is a somewhat affective method of treatment for Bipolar
True

PSY395 Abnormal Psychology (17 decks)

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