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PSY395 Abnormal Psychology > E2 Mood Disorders: BPD and Depressive Disorder > Flashcards

E2 Mood Disorders: BPD and Depressive Disorder Flashcards

Exam 2

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1
Q

Major Depressive Disorders must have (2)

A
  1. one or more depressive episodes
  2. FIVE or more of the NINE symptoms for atleast 2 weeks
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2
Q

What are the two defining symptoms of depression

A
  1. Depressed mood (overall sadness, empty, hopelessness)
  2. Anhedonia (diminished interest/pleasure in activities)
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3
Q

What is diminished interest and/or pleasure in activities?

A

Anhedonia

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4
Q

What are the 4 physical symptoms of depression?

A
  1. Sleep disturbance (insomnia v. hypersomnia)
  2. Psychomotor Disturbance (agitation V. retardation)
  3. Fatigue/low energy
  4. Significant weight/appetite change (too much too little)
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5
Q

What are the 3 cognitive symptoms of depression?

A
  1. Feelings of worthlessness/ inappropriate guilt
  2. Impaired ability to think, concentrate, or make decision
  3. Recurrent suicidal thoughts
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6
Q

What is a longer lasting (2 years) depression with fewer symptoms (2 or more) W/O meeting MDD criteria

A

Persistent Depressive Disorder

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7
Q

What are the two main poles of Bipolar disorder?

A

Manic depressive episodes VS. Major depressive episodes

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8
Q

What is a persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood?

A

Manic episode

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9
Q

A manic episode must have 3 out of the 4 out of the following:

A
  1. Inflated self-esteem
  2. Hyperactivity
  3. Excessive involvement in goal-directed activities
  4. Excessive involvement in high-risk activities
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10
Q

In MDD, they are things called ____________ that are explained as subtypes of different MDDs

A

Specifier

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11
Q

A specifier that deals with delusions or any other hallucinations

A

Psychotic Features

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12
Q

A specifier that deals with feelings of tenseness, worry, or feeling like they are losing control

A

Anxious Distress

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13
Q

A specifier in which sometimes manic episodes have some depression integrated within

A

Mixed features

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14
Q

A specifier in which patients tend to overeat, oversleep

Also known as the opposite of melancholic depression

A

Atypical (hyperactive) depression

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15
Q

A specifier in which women have a depression from right before a baby is born

A

Peripartum

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16
Q

A specifier in which the sleep/weight increase in response to a new season

A

Seasonal Depression

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17
Q

What is the diathesis-stress approach to viewing the causes of mood disorders?

A

Due to hereditary, certain individuals can develop MD in a stressful environment

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18
Q

Are mood disorders genetic?

A

Yes

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19
Q

1st degree relatives to mood disorder are ________ more/less likely to develop an MD

A

2-3x MORE

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20
Q

Are identical or fraternal twins more likely to both have an MD

A

Identical

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21
Q

Anxiety and depression have similar/different genetic vulnerability?

A

Similar

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22
Q

Are people who are diagnosed with BPD genetically predisposed to having mania and depression?

A

YES

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23
Q

Do mania and depression have similar/different genetic vulnerabilities?

A

Different

24
Q

Drugs cause an immediate increase in seratonin, BUT ______________________________________. This proves?

A

it takes a couple weeks on ser to actually improve

Seratonin deficit isn’t the only thing controlling depression

25
Q

Are low levels of seratonin causing depression or being caused by depression?

A

We don’t know!

26
Q

With low serotonin, other NTs are allowed to vary more widely

A

Permissive Hypothesis (low ser PERMITS other NTS)

27
Q

What type of events are strongly related to the development of MDs?

A

Social (public humiliation, social rejection)

28
Q

High cortisol results in damage to the __________

A

hippocampus (memory)

29
Q

Cortisol

A

Stress hormone

30
Q

Who first studied the learned helplessness model of depression?

A

Seligman

31
Q

What did Seligman’s learned helplessness study do (steps)?

A

Studied rats under three conditions
1. No shock
2. Shocked with control
3. Shocked without control

32
Q

What was the finding of learned helplessness ?

A

The group that got shocked without control did not escape when given the chance

33
Q

If you fail multiple tests after studying hard, you will stop studying. This shows

A

Learned helplessness

34
Q

What are the 3 types of depressive attribution styles?

A
  1. Internal
  2. Stable
  3. Global
35
Q

Negative outcomes are MY fault- what type of attribution style?

A

Interal

36
Q

The cause is unchangeable “I will NEVER succeed”- what type of attribution style?

A

Stable

37
Q

Negative events are generalized (failing a math test and saying Im not smart)- what type of attribution style?

A

Global

38
Q

What is the main treatment for depressive disorder?

A

SSRIs

39
Q

Prozac, Lexapro, Paxil, Zoloft, Celexa are all examples of

A

SSRIs

40
Q

What is the partial symptom relief rate of SSRIs? Full symptom relief rate?

A

50%
25-30%

41
Q

The main side effect of SSRI is

A

sexual dysfunction/desire

42
Q

SSRIs only work well on

A

Severe Depression

43
Q

What is the difference between unipolar and bipolar disorder?

A

Unipolar only has one side (only depression or only mania), while bipolar goes from one end to the other

44
Q

Condition in which the individual experiences both elation and depression or anxiety at the same time

A

Mixed Features

45
Q

A specifier that involves an absence of movement

A

Catatonic features

46
Q

Alternation of major depressive episodes with hypomanic episodes (not full manic episodes)

A

Bipolar II

47
Q

Alternation of major depressive episodes with full manic episodes

A

Bipolar I

48
Q

What do depressed 3-month old babies show about depression?

A

Depression is a genetic condition

49
Q

What two age groups seem to express major depressive episodes commonly?

A

Adolescence and elderly people

50
Q

Depression in adults is strongly tied in with gender and race. What is the most common race and gender for depression?

A

White females (69.6%)

51
Q

the genetic patterns associated with bipolar disorder may also carry the spark of _____________

A

Creativity

52
Q

True or False: Somatic symptoms characterizing mood disorders are nearly equivalent across cultures

A

True

53
Q

True or False:
Stressful lives are very much related to mood disorders

A

True

54
Q

Who suggested that depression may result from a tendency to interpret everyday events in a negative way?

A

Aaron Beck

55
Q

Thinking errors in depressed people negatively focused in three areas: themselves, their immediate world, and their future

A

Depressed Cognitive Triad

56
Q

True or False: Family therapy is a somewhat affective method of treatment for Bipolar

A

True

PSY395 Abnormal Psychology (17 decks)

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