E2: Young & Middle Adults Flashcards
What age are YA?
18-35
Social context that defines YA?
Voting, ETOH(alcohol), culture
Key milestones in YA?
Economic independence
Committed long-term relationships
Independent Decision making
Potentially difficult period
What age are men and womens physical growth completed?
17 for Women
21 for Males
Describe YA’s Biology
-Healthy & Active
-Physical and emotional changes
-Increase in critical thinking and decision making capabilities
What stage of Erikson’s Psychosocial development are YD in?
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Seeking meaningful friendships and intimate relationships
Isolation occurs when the young adult avoids making commitment to others
What are the life-change adjustments in YA?
- Adjusting to career change or career move
- Adjusting to relocation
- Balancing multiple roles
- Developing long-term goals for family security
Describe YA’s identity
- Increasing separation from family authority
- Beginning adult identity
- Work provides self-esteem and socialization
Describe YA’s work and personal responsibilites
- Work and personal balance
- Developing relationships within workforce
What are YA characteristics?
(Make sure to note stage of Piaget and Kohlberg)
-Abstract, analytical (Piaget)
-Principled to moral reasoning (Kohlberg)
-Healthiest time of life
-Peak abilities (venturesome, daring, aggressive)
-Less experience with death
-Risk takers
-Lack of fear (underuse of seatbelts, helmets, etc)
-“it won’t happen to me” mentality
YA challenges?
More life changes needing adaptation leading to stress.
Can be positive or negative
Stress management
Normative (Positive) stressors for YA
Marriage
Having children
Starting a career
Other (Negative) stressors for YA
Miscarriage
Serious Illness
Death of loved one
Divorce
What is achievement oriented stress?
-Internal pressure to succeed defined goals
-“workaholic” habit such as lack of sleep or skipping meals
-Can be serious both physically and emotionally leading to nutrition problems and burnout
Health risk in YA
Usually originate in community, lifestyle patterns, and family history
-Unintentional injuries (not wearing seatbelt)
-Substance use
-Violence
-Suicide
-Risky Sexual behaviors
–workplace hazard
What is the main focus for health promotion in YA?
PREVENTION
What should we do as nurses to help with health promotion in YA?
- Encourage 1-2 year check ups
- Educate
- reduce alcohol and drug use
- Improve mental health
- decrease incidence of accidents, injuries, and acts of violence
What should we focus on as nurses when collecting behavioral health history from YA?
Focus on Health risk behaviors:
-Seat belt use
-Substance use
-Activities that can cause injury
-Stress
-Dietary, Exercise, and sleep patterns
When we provide Health care interventions for adults it must……
be relatable
Example: Friend or someone their age with head injury due to MVA
What should you focus on during health promotion: Exercise for YA?
Focus on safety measures when doing recreational activities
Ex. Helmets for bicycles, suncreen when outdoors
What are Health promotion recommendations for sleep in YA?
-Change activity or stressors
-Try out new tasks or physical activities
-Sleep Hygiene (before bed don’t drink caffiene, use phones, dark room, calm environment)
Infertility effects ___% of “reproductive couples” in U.S.
10-15%
Increased diagnosis in those >25 years
Half of all new STIs occur in people _______ years old
24 yrs or younger
What is a nurse intervention to help with STIs in YA?
Educate about STI prevention, identification, treatment of symptoms, and what to do
Signs and symptoms of depression in YA?
Crying
Difficulty Socializing
Not leaving house
Eating pattern changes
Sleep pattern changes
Losing interest/ pleasure in doing things
Issues with concentration
Often friend or relative is one to recognize the problem
Effects of depression
Suicide
Substance abuse
Eating disorder
What are general nursing applications for YA?
- Play the role of the Counselor
-Listen
-Offer support and concern
-Remove barriers
-Provide resources or support groups specific to the stressor
In YA, The goal of the nurse are aimed at
- Maintaining optimal physical conditions
- Encourage healthy habits
- Screening for disease
- Treating illnesses
General barriers to change in YA?
- Lack of motivation
- Lack of knowledge
- Insufficient skills to change health status
- Undefined short and long term goals
- Lack of social support
What age are MA?
36-64 years
Describe the time of dynamic change in MA?
- Physiological decline begins, but relatively healthy
- Early lifestyle choices begin to yield cost or benefit
Describe the “sandwich generation”
stage in MA of major economic productivity and family responsibility for growing children and aging parents
What are the physiological changes and the onset of chronic conditions in MA?
- Physiological Changes start at 45
-Hair and skin
-weight
-Presbyopia (near-vision)
-Prescumpis (hearing)
-Menopause & climacteric - Onset of chronic conditions
-Cancer
-Heart Disease
What stage of Erikson’s Psychosocial development are MA in?
Generativity vs stagnation
establishing or guiding the next generation, encompasses desire to care for others
Stagnation occurs when a person becomes self-absorbed, fails to care for others
Time of critical review- looking at life choices and evaluating who they are in life
Describe a midlife crisis
- Recognize
-Physical agility is declining
-Inevitability of one’s own death
-Mistakes made in the past
-Less time to make changes - Result is acceptance
- Non-acceptance results in a true midlife crisis
- Realize that their choices affect others
MA challenges
- Divorce of self or offspring
- Young adults moving back home
- raising grandchildren
MA life events with potential disruptive effects
-2 or more job families
-Divorce
-Caring for aging parents
-Death of spouse
-Unintended pregnancy
Leading causes of death in MA
-Malignant Neoplasms: 2nd leading cause of death
-Unintended injuries
-Heart Disease: leading cause of death over age 44
Many diseases preventable through healthier lifestyle and routine primary care
Chronic conditions in MA
Heart disease
Arthritis
Back and Spine impairments
COPD
Diabetes Mellitus
Mental health conditions
Dental disease
What are the leading cause of death associated with obesity
Diabetes
Cardiovascular disease
Hypertension
What health promotion activities are used for weight management in MA?
-Calorie reduction
-Increase physical activity
-Normalize weight
-Reduce risk for chronic disease
Health Promotion exercise recommendations and benefits?
Recommendations
-30 mins, 5 or more days/ week
-Continuous, rhythmic exercise
Benefits
-Prevent/ manage chronic illness
-Significant increase in life expectancy/ quality of life
Oral health in MA
Gingivitis
Periodontitis
Teach dental hygiene and dental exams
Describe sleep in MA?
-Less time in deep sleep
-Less sleep overall
-Insomnia common
Describe health promoting guidelines for sleep in MA?
-Keep regular sleep schedule
-Quality
-May need occasional napping
Barriers to change in MA?
-Lack of materials
-Lack of social supports
-Lack of motivation
-Lack of knowledge
-Insufficient skills to change habits
-Undefined goals (short & long term)
