E2: Health & Wellness Flashcards
What is Healthy People 2030?
-Provides evidence-based, 10 year national objectives for promoting health and preventing disease
-Identifies leading health indicators, which are high priority health issues
-Promotes a holistic approach to health promotion and disease prevention
(stay healthy and not get sick)
How does WHO define health?
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well being. Not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
How do we define health?
-The definition of health is personal and different for every person
-relation to values, personality, lifestyle, and circumstance
-it can change over time based on who they are surrounded by, where they live, living conditions —> POS or NEG
What is the 5 components of health that need to be balanced?
- Physical
- Mental
- Social
- Sexual
- Vocational
Our personal definition of health impacts……
How we treat our clients/ patients
-be aware of how our health definition can bias us
Define Disease
Medical condition that causes distress for a person in the form of its symptoms.
-includes all disorders, infections, and disabilities
Define Illness
A state in which a person’s physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning is diminished or impaired
-Feeling of poor health
-Doesn’t mean official diagnosis
Define Acute Illness
short duration and severe
Define Chronic Illness
Persists longer than 6 months
Define Illness behavior
-The manner in which people who are ill from a disease act
-How people monitor their bodies and define and interpret their symptoms
Internal variables influencing illness behavior
Our Perception of illness and nature of illness
o Developmental stage
o Intellectual background
o Perception of functioning
o Emotional factors
o Spiritual factors
External variables influencing illness behavior
Visibility of symptoms, social group, cultural background, economics, and accessibility to health care
o Family role and practices
Define Health belief
ideas, convictions, and attitudes about health and illness
What can health beliefs based on?
Reality
False expectations
Facts
Misinformation
Common sense
Myths
Positive Heath behaviors
Vaccinations
Screenings
Eating Well
Good patterns
Physical activity
Health beliefs influence our
health behaviors
Define health behavior
What we do to promote and protect our health
What is the goal of the Health Belief Model?
Addresses relationships between a persons belief and their behavior (likelihood to take recommended preventative care action)
-Individual vs Environment
What are the components of the Health Belief Model?
- Perception of susceptibility to an illness
- Perception of the seriousness of an illness
- Likelihood that a person will take preventative action against a disease
What are the modifying factors in the health belief model? (3)
- Demographic variables (age, gender, race, ethnicity)
- Sociopsychological variables (personality, social class, peer group)
- Cues to action (mass media campaigns, advice, reminder postcards, illness of friend, newspaper)
What is the goal of the health promotion model?
-Defines health as a positive dynamic state and its not merely the absence of disease
-Describes the multidimensional nature of people as they interact within the environment and pursue health
What are the components of the Health promotion model?*
- Individual characteristics and experiences
- Behavior-specific cognitions and affects
- Behavioral outcomes
What are the behavior-specific factors that determine if someone commits to a plan of action and take health promoting behavior or not? (6)
- Perceived benefits of action
- Perceived barriers to action
- Perceived self-efficacy
- Activity-related affect
- Interpersonal influences, norms, and support (family, peers, providers)
- Situational influences
What is the goal of Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs?
Used to understand the interrelationships of basic human needs
-Certain human needs are more basic than others and must be met before other needs
Give an example of Maslow’s hierarchy of Needs
If a homeless person doesn’t have the basic need of shelter they can’t move past that and think how they’re going to eat better or exercise more
Name Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs pyramid from bottom to top
- Physiological (basic needs)- Oxygen, fluids, Nutrition, Body temp, elimination, shelter, sex
- Safety and Security- Physical safety & Psychological safety
- Love and belonging needs
- Self-Esteem
- Self-actualization
What is the goal of the Holistic Health Model?
Looks at the relationship among, body, mind, spirit, and how these effect health
-Attempts to create conditions that promote optimal health
Internal Variables influencing health and health beliefs and practices
-Developmental stage (5 yrs old vs 50)
-Educational background
-Perception of functioning (how a pt perceives their physical functioning or symptoms)
-Emotional factors (ability to cope, fear)
-Spiritual factors
External variables influencing Health and Health beliefs and practices
-Family Role and Practices
-Social Determinants of Health
3 overall determinants of health (WHO)
- Social and economic environment 40%
- Physical Environment 10%
- Individual characteristics and behaviors 30%
Examples of determinantes of health
-Income and social status
-Education
-Physical environment
-Social support environment
-Genetics
-Coping skills
-gender
Define Social determinants of health
The conditions in which people are born, live, work, worship, play, and age
What are the 5 domains of the social determinants of health?
- Economic stability (poverty, unemployment)
- Education (reading level, grade rate)
- Health and Health care (access to healthcare)
- Social and community context (social network)
- Neighborhood and build environment (quality school & housing, access to healthy food, air clean, crime rate)
Define Health Disparities
A particular type of health difference that is closely linked with social, economic, and or environmental disadvantage
Define Health Inequities
Health differences that are avoidable, unnecessary, unfair, and unjust
-not related to health behaviors
Define Health promotion
A process of helping people gain control and improve their health
Define Health education
Helps people develop a greater understanding of their health and how to manage their health risk
Define Illness prevention
Protects people from actual or potential threats to health
Primary Disease prevention
Goal is to reduce incidence of disease (prevent before they occur)
Secondary Disease prevention
Goal is to prevent the spread of disease, illness, and infection once it occurs (Screening and treating in early stage)
Tertiary Disease prevention
Goal is to minimize the effects of long-term disease stability (eliminate further negative effects on existing problems)
Define risk factor
Any attribute, quality, environmental situation, or trait that increases the vulnerability of an individual or a group to an illness or accident
Nonmodifiable risk factors
Things we can’t change
Age
Sex
Genetics
Family History
Modifiable risk factors
We can change
smoking
alcohol
diet
physical activity
sleep
sunbathing/tanning
stress*
Environmental risk facors
Air quality
Water quality
Soil quality
What are ineffective behavioral strategies?
Fear
Confrontation
Coercion
Paternalism
What are some General Approaches to Effective Behavior Change?
- Acknowledge clients stage of change and use processes to help move them to next stage
- Respective, supportive manner to motivate internal change in client
- Give several approaches/strategies
- Emphasize empathetic listening, rather than speaking
- Follow up!
What are the 5 steps in the Transtheoretical Model of Change?
- Precontemplation
- Contemplation
- Preparation
- Action
- Maintenance
Precontemplation phase?
No intent to change within the next 6 months
“I don’t see why I need to quit smoking”
-Assessment: Not interested, unaware, underestimates issue, defensive
-Nurse Tasks: Awareness of need to change, increase concern about current behavior, and envision change as possibility
Contemplation phase?
Considering a change within the next 6 months
“I should quit smoking”
-Assessment: ambivalent about the change or thinking about it
-Nurse Tasks: Analyze pros and cons of current behavior, weigh cost/ benefit, and struggle with ambivalence
Preparation phase?
Making small changes in preparation for a change within the next month
“I can quit smoking by going to the health department classes”
-Asessment: tried change and unsuccessful in past, believes advantages outweigh disadvantages
-Task: increase commitment to change, design plan to change
Action phase?
Actively engage in strategies to change behavior; last up to 6 months
Attends classes
-Assessment: committed to change, previous habits are barriers
-Task: Actively engage in strategies, sustain commitment in face of difficulties
Maintenance stage?
Sustained change over time, begins 6 months after action has started and continues indefinitely
“I need to avoid people who smoke so I won’t be tempted to start smoking again”
-Assessment: change has been integrated, behaviors adopted to prevent relapse
-Task: Anticipate relapse, prepare coping strategies in advance, and help pt remember successes
