E2 Order Actinomycetales Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 important families in this order Actinomycetales?

A
  1. Actinomycetaceae
  2. Mycobacteriaceae
  3. Nocardiaceae
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2
Q

What is the gram stain of the order Actinomycetales?

A

Gram-positive

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3
Q

What is unique about the appearance of the order Actinomycetales?

A

Long branching filamentous rods
Sometimes beaded
(mycelia)

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4
Q

What are some culture characteristics of the family actinomycetaceae?

A
  1. Microaerophilic
  2. NOT-acid fast
  3. Formation of sulfur granules (rosetts)
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5
Q

What are sulfur granules composed of?

A
  1. Bacterial filaments

2. Calcium phosphate from the host

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6
Q

What are some characteristics of actinomycetaceae family infections?

A
  1. Chronic
  2. Soft & hard tissues
  3. Often with foreign bodies
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7
Q

What species has actinomyces bacteria as normal flora? Where?

A

Dog

Oropharynx & digestive tract

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8
Q

What are the clinical signs when a dog has an overgrowth of actinomyces bacteria?

A

Soft tissue swellings with sulfur granules

head & neck

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9
Q

What are some clinical presentations of actinomyces infections in cats (3)? Which one is most common?

A
  1. Bite wound abscess
  2. Pyothorax = most common
  3. Peritonitis
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10
Q

How can an actinomyces infection lead to pyothorax?

A

Deep chest wound

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11
Q

What type of antibiotics work well against actinomyces?

A

Penicillins

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12
Q

Is actinomyces normal flora in cattle? If so where?

A

Yes
Oral cavity
But can be opportunistic invaders of deep tissues

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13
Q

What is the name for the disease caused by actinomyces in cattle?

A

Lumpy Jaw

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14
Q

What is actinomyces infection associated with in cattle?

A

Foreign bodies

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15
Q

What two diseases does actinomyces cause in horses?

A
  1. Fistulous withers

2. Poll evil

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16
Q

What two diseases can actinomyces cause in swine although rare?

A
  1. Suppurative mastitis

2. Cystitis in older sows

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17
Q

What pathological process occurs in cattle with actinomyces infections?

A

Proliferative osteomyelitis

18
Q

Is there a vaccine for actinomyces bovis?

A

No

19
Q

What is another genus of the actinomycetaceae family?

A

Arcanobacterium

20
Q

What is the only species of arcanobacterium of veterinary importance?

A

Arcanobacterium pyogenes

21
Q

What role does arcanobacterium pyogenes play in animal health?

A

Commensal of the skin, upper respiratory tract and genitals

22
Q

What diseases can arcanobacterium pyogenes cause if it enters deep tissues (4)?

A
  1. Mastitis
  2. Arthritis (green caseous pus)
  3. Placentitis
  4. Polyarthritis
23
Q

What is another genus of gram-positive filamentous bacteria?

A

Nocardia

24
Q

Where is Nocardia typically found?

A

Soil

25
Q

What is special about Nocardia’s metabolism?

A

Obligate aerobe

26
Q

What is the most important veterinary species of Nocardia?

A

Nocardia asteroides

27
Q

How does Nocardia asteroides cause infections?

A
  1. Dirt in wounds
  2. Inhalation
  3. Ingestion
28
Q

What animals can be infected with Nocardia asteroides?

A

Mammals

rare in birds

29
Q

What cells are infected by Nocardia asteroides?

A

Phagocytes

30
Q

What disease does Nocardia asteroides cause in cattle?

A

Mastitis

31
Q

What diseases does Nocardia asteroides cause in dogs & cats (2)?

A
  1. Localized skin infections

2. Generalized = pyothroax (high mortality)

32
Q

What is are common clinical findings with Nocardia asteroides infection (2)?

A

Small white nodules on organs

33
Q

What drug is NOT a good choice for Nocardia asteroides infection?

A

Penicillin

strongly resistant

34
Q

Is Nocardia asteroides zoonotic?

A

No

35
Q

What is another gram positive branching filamentous bacteria (D)?

A

Dermatophilus

36
Q

What is special about Dermatophilus?

A

It forms spores!

zoospores = flagella

37
Q

Where is Dermatophilus commonly found?

A

Africa & India in the soil

38
Q

What form of Dermatophilus is infectious?

A

Zoospores

39
Q

What disease does Dermatophilus congolensis cause?

A
(Dermatophilosis)
Horses
=Rain scald
=Grease heel
Sheep
= Lumpy wool
=Strawberry footrot
40
Q

Where is the reservoir for Dermatophilus congolensis?

A

Infected animals

not the soil

41
Q

What causes increased infections of Dermatophilus congolensis?

A

Wet weather

42
Q

Is Dermatophilus congolensis zoonotic?

A

Yes!
= Rare but can happen
(Remember to wear PPE)