E2 Genus Staph & Strep Flashcards

1
Q

What do Staphylococcus look like?

A

Buch of grapes

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2
Q

How is Staph differentiated from Strep?

A

Catalase +

otherwise they look similar

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3
Q

What is are some clinical hallmarks of Staph infection?

A

Pimple or boil = abscess

Mastitis in cows

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4
Q

What special syndrome can be cause by a Staph infection?

A

Toxic Shock

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5
Q

What are the coagulase & B-hemolysis of S. aureus?

A
Coag = +
B-Hemo = +
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6
Q

Are Staph commensals and only opportunistic pathogens?

A

Yes

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7
Q

What is special about some colonies of Staph?

A

Live in biofilms

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8
Q

What factors of Staph are most important for pathogenesis?

A
  1. Protein A = avoids phagocytosis

2. Survives intracellularly in phagocytes

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9
Q

What are some soluble virulence factors?

A

Leukocidin
Catalase
Coagulase
DNase

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10
Q

What is Toxic Shock Syndrome?

A

Superantigen activation

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11
Q

Is antibiotic resistance a major problem in Staph?

A

Yes!
Methicillin Resistance
Use Vancomycin!

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12
Q

What is positive about food animals harboring drug resistant Staph?

A

Isolates are host-adapted!

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13
Q

What is Staphylococcus hyicus?

A

Greasy Pig Disease

Esp. piglets

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14
Q

What is Staphylococcus pseudintermedius?

A

Canine skin infection

Normally commensal

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15
Q

Are Strep bacteria commensals?

A

Yes!

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16
Q

What is different about the arrangement of Strep cocci?

A

Chains!

17
Q

What are the three types of Strep hemolysis?

A
  1. Beta = complete
  2. Alpha = partial
  3. Gamma = NONE
18
Q

Are Lancefield groupings related to virulence?

A

No. Just random groups!

19
Q

What are M-proteins?

A

Strep proteins

Related to hemolysis

20
Q

What is Strep’s most important virulence factor?

A

Capsule!

21
Q

Is M-protein a virulence factor?

A

No!

22
Q

Where do Strep like to live?

A

Mucus membranes and intestines

23
Q

How does Strep spread through tissues?

A

Digest fibrin clots

24
Q

What does M-protein do?

A

Help Strep avoid phagocytosis

25
Q

Do Strep survive inside phagocytes like Staph?

A

No cannot survive inside

26
Q

What is Strep agalactiae?

A

Mastitis in cows
Detect B-hemolysis in bulk tanks
40% of mastitis infections

27
Q

What is Strep zooepidemicus?

A

Common cause of wound infections in horses

Can cause arthritis

28
Q

What is Strep equi?

A

Strangles in horses

Streptolysins kill phagocytes

29
Q

How is Strep equi diagnosed?

A

PCR detects M-protein

Need 3 neg tests in a row to be declared nagative

30
Q

Is there a vaccine for Strep Equi?

A

Yes, but NOT a DIVA vaccine

31
Q

What is Strep equisimilis?

A

Suppurative arthritis
Young pigs
Transmitted from gential tract of sow
ZOONOTIC!

32
Q

What is Strep suis?

A
Colonizes tonsils
1. Arthritis
2. Meningitis
3. Septicemia & sudden death 
ZOONOTIC
33
Q

What are the two types of Strep suis?

A

Type I
= baby pigs
= more invasive
=meningitis

Type II
= older pigs
= septicemia

34
Q

What is scary about resistance in Staph & Strep?

A

Vancomycin resistance

= last choice antibiotic

35
Q

What is a good antibiotic choice for non-resistant Strep or Staph?

A

Penicillin