E2 Mycology

Question 1

What type of cells are fungi?

Answer 1

Eukaryotes! like animals & plants

not prokaryotes like bacteria

Question 2

What are some properties of fungi?

Answer 2

1. Cell walls

2. Some sexual others asexual

Question 3

How can fungi grow?

Answer 3

1. Single celled yeasts

2. Multicellular colonies

Question 4

What are molds?

Answer 4

Have hyphae

= multicellular filaments

Question 5

What are yeasts?

Answer 5

Single cells
Bidding = one cell is smaller
Fission = cells are same size

Question 6

What are pseudohyphae?

Answer 6

Elongated yeast cells

From incomplete budding

Question 7

What is a hypha?

Answer 7

Tubular structure of mold

Question 8

What is a mycelium?

Answer 8

Complex of hyphae

Question 9

What are the two forms of fungal cells?

Answer 9

1. Yeast

2. Hyphae

Question 10

What is a septum?

Answer 10

Cross wall the divides hyphae

Question 11

What is a coenocytic?

Answer 11

A hyphae without a septum

Question 12

What are dimorphic fungi?

Answer 12

Can exist in both forms:

1. Yeast
2. Hyphae = mold

Question 13

What are dermatophytes?

Answer 13

Septate fungi (hyphae)
Eat keratin
Grow in skin, hair, nails

Question 14

What genre cause is ringworm?

Answer 14

1. Microsporum = hair & skin
2. Trichophyton = hair, skin & nails
3. Epidermophyton = skin

Question 15

What species are affected by ringworm?

Answer 15

ALL

Question 16

What are the infectious parts of dermatophytes?

Answer 16

Arthrospores

= fragments of hyphae

Question 17

What is M. canis?

Answer 17

Cause of ringworm in dogs & cats

Question 18

What is Trichophyton verrucosum?

Answer 18

Cause of ringworm in cattle & sheep

Question 19

What is Trichophyton equinum?

Answer 19

Most common cause of ringworm in horses

Question 20

What looks similar to ringworm in sheep?

Answer 20

Dermatophilus congolensis
“Lumpy wool” & “Strawberry foot rot”
or mites!

Question 21

What is Microsporum nanum?

Answer 21

Cause in ringworm in pigs

Question 22

What is Microsporum gallinae?

Answer 22

Cause in ringworm in chickens

Question 23

Why do fungi sometimes glow in Wood’s lamp?

Answer 23

Pteridine compounds

Question 24

What is Cryptococcus?

Answer 24

Common cause of subcutaneous mycoses

Question 25

What are some systemic mycoses?

Answer 25

1. Blastomycosis
2. Histoplasmosis
3. Coccidioidomycosis
4. Cryptococcosis
   = dimorphic fungi

Question 26

What is Blastomyces dermatitidis?

Answer 26

Midwest
Inhalation of spores
Lung infection = granulomas 
Bone infection
Dogs & cats, HUMANS

Question 27

What is Histoplasma capsulatum?

Answer 27

USA river valley
Bird & bat droppings
Very similar to blastomycosis

Question 28

What species is most often infected with Histoplasma capsulatum?

Answer 28

Cats

Question 29

What is the most common fungal infection in cats?

Answer 29

Cryptococcus

Question 30

What is Coccidioides immitis?

Answer 30

Desert soils!
“Valley fever”
Sheep, cattle, dogs, HUMANS

Question 31

What is Cryptococcus neoformans?

Answer 31

Pigeon droppings!
Always found in the YEAST phase!
Common in cats

Question 32

Why is Cryptococcus neoformans so virulent?

Answer 32

Has a capsule!

Also produces melanin

Question 33

What are some opportunistic mycoses?

Answer 33

1. Aspergillus

2. Candida

Question 34

What is the most common mycosis of poultry?

Answer 34

Aspergillus

Question 35

What is Aspergillus dangerous?

Answer 35

Produces aflatoxins

Do NOT sniff plates!

Question 36

What is Candida albicans?

Answer 36

Causes candidiasis
Yeast
Commensal that overgrows
“Thrush”