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E2 Genus Brucella Flashcards

1
Q

What organs do bacteria from the genus Brucella infect?

A

Reproductive organs

both male and female

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2
Q

What ages are affected by the genus Brucella?

A

Sexually mature animals

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3
Q

What species of Brucella is not zoonotic?

A

Brucella ovis

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4
Q

What is species in the most pathogenic in humans?

A

Brucella melitensis

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5
Q

What is the gram reaction and cultural characteristics of bacteria in the Brucella genus?

A
  1. Gram negative small rods
  2. Aerobic or microaerophilic
  3. Slow growth
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6
Q

What cells do bacteria in the Brucella genus infect?

A
  1. Macrophages

2. Endothelial cells

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7
Q

How does Brucella infect reproductive organs?

A

Infection of mucous membranes

Bacteremia spread to reproductive organs

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8
Q

How long is the incubation period for Brucella infection?

A

LONG

1-2 months before clinical signs

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9
Q

What disease do bacteria from the genus Brucella cause in humans?

A

Undulant fever

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10
Q

What is the disease caused by Brucella abortus in cattle?

A

Bang’s disease

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11
Q

What is the reservoir for Brucella abortus?

A

Wild ruminants

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12
Q

What is the prevalence of Brucella abortus in US cattle herds?

A

Nearly eradicated

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13
Q

What is the most frequent route of infection for Brucella abortus?

A

GI tract

but can occur through any mucus membrane

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14
Q

When does Brucella abortus cause abortions in cattle?

A

Late abortions

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15
Q

What effects if any does Brucella abortus have in male cattle?

A
  1. Orchitis

2. Epididymitis

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16
Q

How does Brucella abortus affect fertility in male cattle?

A

Can lead to sterility!

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17
Q

How does Brucella abortus cause abortions in cattle?

A
  1. Uldercation of endometrium

2. Destruction of placental villi in cotyledons

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18
Q

How long do infections with Brucella abortus last in cattle?

A

They are infected for life!

19
Q

What other species besides cattle can be infected with Brucella abortus?

A
  1. Horses
  2. Sheep & goats
  3. Pigs
  4. HUMANS
20
Q

What diseases can be caused by Brucella abortus in horses?

A
  1. Fistulous withers

2. Poll evil

21
Q

Does Brucella abortus cause abortions in horses?

22
Q

How does Brucella abortus typically infect humans?

A

Via cuts in the skin

23
Q

How is Brucella abortus usually diagnosed?

A
  1. Clinical signs
  2. Direct smears from infected tissue
  3. ELISA (confirmatory test)
24
Q

Is there a vaccine available for Brucella abortus?

A

Yes

DIVA vaccine

25
Q

What animals are typically infected with Brucella suis?

A

Swine

more host specific

26
Q

How is Brucella suis usually transmitted in pigs?

A

Venereal transmission

semen

27
Q

Is there a vaccine for Brucella suis?

A

No

depopulation of herd

28
Q

What are the clinical signs of Brucella suis in male pigs?

29
Q

What animals can be infected by Brucella melitensis?

A
  1. Goats & sheep
  2. Cattle
  3. Humans
30
Q

What is the disease called in humans infected by Brucella melitensis?

A

Malta fever

31
Q

What animals are infected by Brucella ovis?

A

Only sheep!

highly host specific

32
Q

Are abortions caused by Brucella ovis?

A

Rare

sometimes mummified fetuses

33
Q

Is Brucella ovis pathogenic to humans?

34
Q

Are male or female sleep more affected by Brucella ovis?

A

Rams

can shed organism for 4 yrs

35
Q

Can Brucella canis be transmitted from dogs to cattle?

36
Q

Can dogs be infected by Brucella species from livestock?

A

Yes

Both B. abortus and B. suis

37
Q

What is special about infection with Brucella canis in dogs?

A

It is typically asymptomatic

unless pregnant

38
Q

When does Brucella canis typically cause abortions?

A

Both

  1. Late embryonic death
  2. Late abortions
39
Q

Are humans affected by Brucella canis?

40
Q

What is surprising about Brucella infections in humans? Why?

A

Rarely a cause of abortions!

Absence of erythritol in human placenta

41
Q

Is there a risk from eating meat from an animal infected with Brucella?

A

No

cooking kills the bacteria

42
Q

Is wildlife important for the continued presence of Brucella in the US?

43
Q

Is Brucella a reportable disease?

Bacteriology (13 decks)

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