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etiology and pathology ii > E&P epigastric pain > Flashcards

E&P epigastric pain Flashcards

know the etiologies of epi- pn know the properties of the etiologies know the patterns and treatment principles of epigastric pn

1
Q

what are the possible etiologies of epigastric pn

A

external pathogenic factors of cold and damp
food(too much or too little, the nature of food, conditions of eating)
emotions
constitutional weakness

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2
Q

what are the properties of cold in relation to epigastric pn (give tongue and pulse)

A

cold can invade the stomach directly. as cold contracts, it causes acute and severe pigastric pn usually accompnied with vomiting.
t- thick white coat
p- tight

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3
Q

what are the properties of damp in relations to epigastric pn? (give tongue and pulse)

A

damp can iinvade the stomach directly and may be combined with cold or heat according to the season. damp obstructs the descending st qi and causes dull pn and nausea. it also causes oppresion and heaviness of the epigastrium.
T- sticky coat
P- slippery

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4
Q

cold foods cause what

A

cold in the spleen and stomach and epigastric pn

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5
Q

hot-spicy foods cuase what

A

stomach-heat, which may manifest as burning epigastric pn, thirst and a yellow tongue coat

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6
Q

sugar and sweets cause what

A

damp and heat in the stomach

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7
Q

greasy foods and dairy cause what

A

phlegm or dampness in the stomach

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8
Q

anger cuases what

A

liver qi stagnation

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9
Q

worry causes waht

A

stagnation of st qi and retention of food.

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10
Q

what are the orgas most involved in the pathology of epigastric pn

A

stomach, spleen and liver

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11
Q

what are the main full conditions causin epigastric pain ?

A 
cold
heat
retention of food
dampness
phlegm
qi stagnation
blood stasis
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12
Q

what are the main empty conditions causing epigastric pain?

A

qi deficiency
yang deficiency
yin deficiency

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13
Q

what conditions cause dull pain

A

empty conditions

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14
Q

what conditions cause severe epigastric pn

A

full conditions

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15
Q

belching, vomiting, hiccups, nausea, vomiting and sour regurgitation are signs of what?
what kind of conditions would these symptoms be found in?

A

rebellious qi

found usually in full conditions but sometimes in empty

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16
Q

what are the diagnostic parameters for epigastric pn

A 
nature of pn 
time of pn
amel and aggravation of pn
thirst
taste
belching, regurgitation, nausea
distension, oppression stuffiness, fullness
palpation of the epigastrium
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17
Q 
what are the possible sx for nature of pn and what do the symptoms mean?
severe pn
dull pn
stabbing pn
distending pn
burning
fullness
A 
severe pn= excess condition
dull pn= deficient condition
stabbing pn=blood stasis
distending pn= qi stagnation
burning= heat
feeling of fullness= dampness
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18
Q

what do different times of pn mean?
morning
afternoon
evening

A

morning pn = deficiency
afternoon pain= stagnation of qi
night pn =blood stasis

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19
Q 
what do ameliorations and aggravations of pn mean
better after eating
worse after eating
better pressure
worse pressure
better with heat application or hot fluids
better with rest
better with slight exercise
better after vomiting
worse after vomiting
A

better after eating = deficiency
worse after eating = excess
better pressure =deficiency
worse pressure = excess
better with heat application or hot fluids = cold
better with rest =deficiency
better with slight exercise =stagnation of qi or blood
better after vomiting =excess condition
worse after vomiting =deficiency condition

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20
Q 
thirst sx and their meaning:
intense thirst with desire to drink cold fluids
dry mouth with desire to sip fluids
abscence of thirst
thirst without desire to drink
A

intense thirst w/ desire to drink cold fluid =full heat
dry mouth w/desire to sip fluid =empty heat /yin def
abscence of thirst =cold
thirst without desire to drink= damp

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21
Q 
taste sx and their meaning
sticky taste
bitter taste
sweet taste
sour taste
absence of taste
A 
sticky taste = damp
bitter taste = heat
sweet taste =damp heat
sour taste = retention of food
absence of taste =spleen def.
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22
Q

belching sx and their meaning
loud belching
quiet belching
better after belching

A

loud belching = excess condtion
quiet belching = deficient condition
better after belching = stagnation of qi

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23
Q

regurgitation sx and their meaning
sour regurgitation
regurgitation of thin fluids

A

sour regurgitation =retention of food OR stagnant liver qi invading the stomach

regurgitation of thin fluids= deficient cold condition OR phlegm fluids in stomach

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24
Q

what does a feeling of distension mean and how is it usually described by the pt?

A

distension means qi stagnation. described as bloated

25
Q

what does a feeling of oppression mean

A

phlegm or more severe qi stagnation

26
Q

what does a feeling of stuffiness mean?

A

stomach qi deficiency or stomach heat. it can NOT be felt objectively on palpation.

27
Q

there are 10 full patterns for epigastricd pn. what are they?

A 
cold invading stomach
retention of food
liver qi invading stomach
stomach heat
stomach fire
stomach phlegm fire
stomache damp heat
stomach and liver heat
blood stasis in the stomach
phlegm fluids in the stomach
28
Q

there are 2 empty patterns for epigastric pn, what are they?

A

stomach and spleen deficient and cold

stomach yin deficiency

29
Q

what are the clinical manifestations of cold invading the stomach?

A 
acute severe epigastric pn with SUDDEN ONSET, 
chilliness, 
desire for warm applications on stomach area, 
NO THIRST, desire for warm drinks, 
 Pain not alleviated by pressure, 
nausea, vomiting
T- thick white tongue coat
p- full and tight.
30
Q

what is the treatment principle for cold invading the stomach?

A

scatrer cold, warm stomach , stop pain

31
Q

what are the clinical manifestations of retention of food?

A

dull epigastric pn that is worse with presure
feeling of distension and fullness
belching, sour regurgitation
foul breath
vomiting undigested food, amel from vomiting
loose stools or constipation
T- thick, sticky coating in the center and root
P- slippery

32
Q

treatment principle for retention of food

A

dissolve accumulation, eliminate stagnation and restore descending of stomach qi

33
Q

important points to dissolve accumulation of food, and to descend st qi

A

st 20 dissolves food accumulation and resolves fullness
cv10 descends st qi
st25 (front mu of li) also resolves accunulation byt promoting bowel movement

34
Q

clinical manifestations of Liver Qi invading the stomach

A

epigastric distension and pain radiating towards the right or left hypochondrium.
belching, sighing
irritability
uncomfortable feeling of hunger
pn comes in bouts clearly related to emotional tension
T- normal body, slight red sides
P- wiry

35
Q

treatment principle for liver -Qi invading the stomach

A

soothe liver and regulate qi

36
Q

liver poin to harmonize lv and st

A

lv 14

37
Q

clnical manifestation of liver heat

A 
burning epigastric pn
thirst
irritability
sour regurgitation
T- yellow, and dry caot. body may be red
P- slightly rapid, overflowing in middle pulse
38
Q

treatment principle of stomach heat

A

clear stomach heat, restore the descending of st qi

39
Q

main distal st point to clear heat

A

st 44

40
Q

clinical manifestations of stomach fire

A 
Burning peigastric pn
thirst with desire to drink cold water
dry mouth
severe irritability
bleeding gums
vomiting blood
red face
constipation
T: red or dark red body, yellow dry coat
P: rapid deep full
41
Q

Treatment principle of stomach fire

A

drain stomach fire, protect stomach yin, restore the descending stomach qi

42
Q

how does stomach fire differe from stomach heat?

3 main says

A
  1. fire dries up more (so there are dry stool, dry mouth and dry tongue)
  2. fire causes bleeding by agitating the blood in the vessels (so there are bleeding gums, and vomiting blood)
  3. fire affects the mind more (so severe irritability)
43
Q

clinical manifestations of phlegm fire

A 
any of the sx from stomach fire, PLUS:
feeling of oppression in the epigastrium
dry  mouth but no desire to drink
mucus in stools
nausea and vomiting
mental restlessness
mania in severe cases
insomnia in severe cases
T: red and very sticky or slippery yellow coating
P: slippery rapid overflowing
44
Q

Treatment principle of phlegm fire

A

harmonize the stomach, clear fire, resolve phlegm and calm the mind

45
Q

clnical manifestations of dampness in the stomach and spleen

A 
feeling of oporession in the chest,
dull epigastric pn
dry mouth and no desire to drink
bitter taste, or a sticky taste
nausea and vomiting
maybe a frontal headache
T- red and sticky yellow coat
P- slippery and rapid
46
Q

treatment principle of dampness in stomach and spleen

A

resolve damp, harmonize the stomach, restore the descending of stomach qi and ascending of spleen qi

47
Q

clnical manifestations of damp heat in stomach and spleen

A 
feeling of oporession in the chest,
dull epigastric pn
dry mouth and no desire to drink
bitter taste, or a sticky taste
nausea and vomiting
maybe a frontal headache
T- red and sticky yellow coat
P- slippery and rapid
48
Q

treatment principle of damp heat in stomach and spleen

A

clear heat, resolved damp harmonize stomach

49
Q

clnical manifestations of stomach and liver heat

A 
burning epigastric pn
irritability
propensity to outbursts of anger
sour regurgitation
dry mouth
thirst
bitter taste
50
Q

treatment principle of stomach and liver heat

A

soothe liver, clear heat, harmonize the stomach

51
Q

clnical manifestations of blood in the stomach

A 
stabbing epigastric pn that is wrose with pressure and after eating
palpable masses in epigastrium
vomiting of dark blood or coffee grounds
dark complexion
pn may be worse at night
may have blood in stool
T:purple, possibly only in center
P-choppy, wiry or firm
52
Q

treatment principle of blood in the stomach

A

invigorate (move) blood, eliminate stasis, harmonize stomach, stop pain

53
Q

clnical manifestations of phlegm fire in the stomach

A 
epigastric fullness and distension
nausea and vomiting of watery and frothy fluid
dry tongue and mouth with no desire to drink
splashing sound in stomach
feeling of fullness in chest
loose stool
loss of weight
lethargy, dizziness
full frontal headache
T-swollen with a sticky coat
P-slippery or wiry
54
Q

treatment principle of phlegm fluid in the stomach

A

resolve phlegm, harmonize the stomach, tonify the spleen

55
Q

clinical manifestations of stomach and spleen deficient and cold (empty pattern)

A 
dull epigastric pn thats better with pressure, eating and application of heat
vomiting of thin fluids
fatigue
poor appetite
chilly
loose stool
plae complexion
T: plae white coat
P-deep weak
56
Q

treatment principle of stomach and spleen deficient and cold

A

warm the middle, strengthen the spleen and stomach

57
Q

clinical manifestation of stomach yin deficiency

A

dull epigastric pn
dry mouth with desire to sip fluids
dry throat
dry stool
slight nausea
feeling of heat, night sweating
T- normal color, dry no coat scattered cracks or a central crack
P- floating, empty in the rt middle position
( might also have 5 palm heat, malar flush red tongue and rapid pulse)

58
Q

treatment principle of stomach yin deficiency

A

nourish yin, benefit the stomach, stop pain

etiology and pathology ii (10 decks)

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