e-Chapter 3 Flashcards
List the components that would make a simple lipid
A simple lipid is composed of fatty acids bound to glycerol by ester bonds
How does a triglyceride differ from complex lipid?
Complex lipids contain additional elements like P, N, S, or small hydrophilic organics like sugar.
How does the substitution of phosphatidyl ethanolamine for a fatty acid alter the chemical properties of a lipid?
The glycerol-end of the lipid becomes polar and charged
What type is the glycosidic bond in starch, and how does it affect the structure/function?
- alpha-1,4 glycosidic bonds
- polysaccharides are thus slightly curved and easy to degrade
- helical structure
What type is the glycosidic bond in glycogen, and how does it affect the structure/function?
- alpha-1,4 and alpha-1,6 glycosidic bonds
- alpha-1,6 causes branching of the polymer while alpha-1,4 causes curvature
- easily degraded, helical structure
What type is the glycosidic bond in cellulose, and how does it affect the structure/function?
- beta-1,4 glycosidic bonds
- allows strings of polymers to sit in same conformation and form a sheet structure
- very structurally stable and hard to biodegrade
Why does sugar taste sweet but starch doesn’t?
- The receptors for recognizing sweetness on humans and animals tongues are in a triangular formation
- The chemical structure of sugar allows hydrogen bonding with the triangle region
- Starch doesn’t allow much hydrogen bonding
List 3 ways RNA differs chemically or physically from DNA
- 2’-OH in RNA, 2’-H in DNA
- DNA is ds, RNA is ss
- DNA has T, RNA has U
Why are amino acids so named?
- amino - amine group
- acid - carboxylic acid
What is the significance of different R group?
Interactions between R group force polypeptides to twist and hold in a specific way, forming secondary structure
Explain the relationship between fatty acids saturation and cell membrane viscosity
More saturation (fewer double or triple bonds) in fatty acids result in higher membrane viscosity
