Chapter 4

Question 1

What is proton motive force?

Answer 1

H+ are extruded to the outside of the cell via electron transport chain –> electrochemical potential across the membrane –> formation of ATP

Question 2

How is ATPase used in ATP production?

Answer 2

2 rotary motors: F1 and F0

• H+ moves through F0, causing rotation of c protein, generating torque
• torque transmitted to F1, allowing beta units to bind ADP + Pi –> ATP

Question 3

How are hydrocarbons metabolized?

Answer 3

(Preliminary) oxidation and beta-oxidation

• Preliminary oxidation: +1 net ATP
• Beta-oxidation: occurs (n/2)-1 times, +5 net ATP/turn
• TCA cycle: occurs (n/2) times, +12 net ATP/turn (3 NADH, 1 FADH2, GTP)

Question 4

How is glycerol metabolized?

Answer 4

• glycerol –> G3P: -1 ATP
• G3P completes glycolysis: +5 ATP (1 NADH + 2 ATP)
• TCA cycle: +12 net ATP (3 NADH, 1 FADH2, GTP)

Question 5

How is carboxylic acid metabolized?

Answer 5

• Activation by CoA: -1 ATP
• Beta-oxidation: occurs (n/2)-1 times, +5 net ATP/turn
• TCA cycle: occurs (n/2) times, +12 net ATP/turn (3 NADH, 1 FADH2, GTP)

Question 6

What is monooxygenase? How much energy is required?

Answer 6

• Monooxygenase splits O2 into O and H2O

- 1 NADH is required

Question 7

What major roles does TCA play in the cell?

Answer 7

(bioenergetics and biosynthesis)

1. catabolism
2. generation of key compounds for biosynthesis

Question 8

What is substrate-level phosphorylation?

Answer 8

Energy-rich phosphate bonds are transferred from phosphorylated organic compound to ADP to form ATP