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NAPLEX 2022 > Dyslipidemia > Flashcards

Dyslipidemia Flashcards

1
Q

What factors are used to calculate ASCVD Risk?

A
  1. Gender, Age (20-79 yr), & Race
  2. Total cholesterol + HDL
  3. SBP + Antihypertensive Treatment
  4. Diabetes
  5. Smoking
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2
Q

What is ASCVD Risk?

A

Estimation of the risk of having a first cardiovascular event during the next 10 years

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3
Q

Nonpharmacologic treatment

A
  1. Diet (BMI 18.5-24.9)
  2. Exercise (150 min/wk mod-high intensity)
  3. Avoid tobacco use
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4
Q

Natural Products that help reduce cholesterol

A
  1. Red Yeast Rice

2. Fish oil

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5
Q

What is the Drug of Choice for Treatment?

A

Statin Therapy

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6
Q

Classification of Cholesterol and Triglyceride levels (mg/dl)

Non-HDL - Desirable

A

< 130

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7
Q

Classification of Cholesterol and Triglyceride levels (mg/dl)

LDL - Desirable vs Very High

A

Desirable: < 100

Very High: > 190

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8
Q

Classification of Cholesterol and Triglyceride levels (mg/dl)

HDL - Desirable in men vs women

A

Men: > 40
Women: > 50

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9
Q

Classification of Cholesterol and Triglyceride levels (mg/dl)

Triglycerides - Desirable vs Very High

A

Desirable < 150

Very High > 500

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10
Q

What medical conditions could cause dyslipidemia?

A
  1. Diabetes
  2. Hypothyroidism
  3. Smoking
  4. Renal/liver disease
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11
Q

Key Drugs that Increase LDL & Triglycerides

A
  1. Diuretics
  2. Efavirenz
  3. Steroids
  4. Cyclosporine/tacrolimus
  5. Atypical antipsychotics
  6. Protease inhibitors
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12
Q

Key Drugs that Increase LDL only

A

Fish oils (except Vascepa)

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13
Q

Key Drugs that Increase Triglycerides only

A
  1. IV lipid emulsions
  2. Propofol
  3. Bile acid sequestrants
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14
Q

Drug-Drug & Drug-Food Interactions with Statins

A
  1. Grapefruit
  2. Protease inhibitors
  3. Azole Antifungals
  4. Cyclosporine (Rosuvastatin 5 mg/d)
  5. Macrolides [except Azithromycin]
  6. Amiodarone (Simvastatin 20 mg/d, Lovastatin 40 mg/d)
  7. Non-DHP CCBs (Simvastatin 10 mg/d, Lovastatin 20 mg/d)

G-PACMAN (Max Daily Dose)

*Do NOT use with Simvastatin or Lovastatin [G-PACM]

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15
Q

Name the Non-statin (Brand/Generic)

MOA

A

Zetia (ezetimibe)

MOA: inhibit absorption of cholesterol in the small intestine

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16
Q

Name the PCSK9 Inhibitors (Brand/Generic)

A
  1. Praluent (aliromumab)

2. Repatha (evolocumab)

17
Q

Name the Bile Acid Sequestrant (Brand/Generic)

MOA

A

colesevelam (Welchol)

MOA: bind bile acids in the intestine and excreted in feces

Take with a meal

18
Q

Name the Fibrate (Brand/Generic)

MOA

A
  1. fenofibrate (Tricor)
  2. gemfibrozil (Lopid)

MOA: PPARα activator, increase lipoprotein lipase activity which increase catabolism of VLDL particles

gemfibrozil DDI with statins/ezetimibe

19
Q

Name the Fish Oils (Brand/Generic)

A
  1. icosapent ethyl (Vascepta)

2. omega-3 acid (Lovaza)

20
Q

Name the Statin Drugs & their Equivalent Doses

A
  1. Pitavastatin 2 mg
  2. Rosuvastatin 5 mg
  3. Atorvastatin 10 mg
  4. Simvastatin 20 mg
  5. Lovastatin 40 mg
  6. Pravastatin 40 mg
  7. Fluvastatin 80 mg

Pharmacist Rock At Saving Lives & Preventing Fatty deposits

21
Q

Determining Statin Treatment intensity based on patient risk

Secondary Prevention: Clinical ASCVD (CHD, Stroke, TIA, PAD)

A

High Intensity Statin

22
Q

Determining Statin Treatment intensity based on patient risk

Primary Prevention: Primary Elevation LDL > 190

A

High Intensity Statin

23
Q

Determining Statin Treatment intensity based on patient risk

Diabetes + Age (40-75 w/ LDL btwn 70-189)

A
  1. With Multiple Risk Factors - High Intensity Statin

2. Regardless of 10 yr ASCVD - Moderate Intensity Statin

24
Q

Determining Statin Treatment intensity based on patient risk

Age 40-75 w/ LDL 70-189

A
  1. 10 year ASCVD > 20% - High Intensity Statin

2. 10 year ASCVD 7.5 - 19.9% - Moderate Intensity Statin

25
Q

Dose of Statin (Low/Moderate/High) + Brand Name

Atorvastatin

A

Brand: Lipitor

Mod: 10-20 mg
High: 40-80 mg

26
Q

Dose of Statin (Low/Moderate/High) + Brand Name

Rosuvastatin

A

Brand: Crestor

Mod: 5-10 mg
High: 20-40 mg

27
Q

Dose of Statin (Low/Moderate/High) + Brand Name

Simvastatin

A

Brand: Zocor

Low: 10 mg
Mod: 20-40 mg

28
Q

Dose of Statin (Low/Moderate/High) + Brand Name

Pravastatin

A

Brand: Pravachol

Low: 10-20 mg
Mod: 40-80 mg

29
Q

Dose of Statin (Low/Moderate/High) + Brand Name

Lovastatin

A

Brand: Altoprev, Mevacor

Low: 20mg
Mod: 40 mg

30
Q

Dose of Statin (Low/Moderate/High)

Fluvastatin

A

Low: 20-40 mg
Mod: 40 mg BID or 80 mg XL

31
Q

Dose of Statin (Low/Moderate/High)

Pitavastatin

A

Low: 1 mg
Mod: 2-4 mg

32
Q

Friedewald equation

A

LDL = TC - HDL - (TG/5)

NOT used when TG > 400 mg/dL

33
Q

TG > 500 mg/dL can cause what?

A

Acute Pancreatitis

34
Q

Which agent is approved for use in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH)?

A

lomitapide (Juxtapid)

35
Q

Which agents should be used with caution in patients with known hypersensitivity to fish and/or shellfish?

A

omega-3 acid (Lovaza)

36
Q

Which drug has a MOA to decrease the rate of hepatic synthesis of VLDV (decrease TG) and LDL?

A

Niacin

known as nicotinic acid or Vitamin B3

NAPLEX 2022 (25 decks)

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