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Pre Reg Exam > Dyslipidaemias > Flashcards

Dyslipidaemias Flashcards

1
Q

What are statins?

A

Lower cholesterol levels

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2
Q

If statins don’t regulate cholesterol, what else can you use?

A

Ezetimbe
(Lipid regulating drug)

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3
Q

What are the three lipid abnormalities?

A

Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)

Triglycerides (TG)
Or both

High total cholesterol (TC)

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4
Q

What is the complication of hyperlipidaemia?

A

CVD
Atherosclerosis

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5
Q

What’s hypercholesterolaemia?

A

Elevated levels of Tc or LDL or both

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6
Q

What is hypertriglyveridaemia?

A

Elevated levels of Triglycerides

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7
Q

What is familial hyperlipidaemia?

A

Elevated serum lipids due to genetic defects in lipid metabolism

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8
Q

What is the difference between HDL and LDL?

A

HDL helps remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream reducing risk of atherosclerosis while,

LDL they get elevated and contribute to the development of atherosclerosis, increased CVD such as stroke and heat attacks

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9
Q

What causes hyperdyslipidaemia?

A

Genes (familial)
T2D, obesity, smoking,alcohol,drugs,hypothyroidism,nephrotic syndrome,cholestasis

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10
Q

Very high lipid can affect what part of your body?

A

Eye
Skin
Elbow

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11
Q

List the three things that you can get due to having high lipid level?

A

Xanthelasma
Corneal arcus lipemia
Tendon xanthoma

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12
Q

What is xanthelasma

A

Yellow cholesterol deposits around the eyelids

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13
Q

What is corneal arcus lipemia?

A

White of grey ring that appears around the peripheral cornea

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14
Q

What is tendon xanthoma

A

Enlargement of tendons around knuckles

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15
Q

List examples of statins

A

Atorvastatin
Simvastatin
Fluvastatin
Rosuvastatin
Etc

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16
Q

List examples of fibrates

A

Fenofibrate
Clofibrate
Gemfibrozi

17
Q

List examples of other lipid lowering drugs

A

Ezetimibe
Bempedoic acid
Nicotinic acid
Evinacumab

18
Q

List examples of bile acid sequestrants

A

Cholestyramine
Colestipol

19
Q

What is the first line treatment?

A

Statins

20
Q

How does statins work?

A

Lowers LDL cholesterol by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase

21
Q

How does statins work?

A

Lowers LDL cholesterol by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase

22
Q

What do you use when statins are not tolerated or when cholesterol levels not achieved?

A

Ezetimibe
As mono therapy or in combination with statin

23
Q

Why do we not use bile acid sequestrants?

A

Limited use
Poor tolerability and compliance
Declining use

24
Q

When do you use fibrates ?

A

Consider if dietary interventions and statins and ezetimibe are not tolerated

Use under specialist supervision

25
Q

How are fibrates beneficial?

A

May be beneficial in those with low HDL cholesterol or raised triglycerides

26
Q

If you combine statins and fibrates, what happens?

A

Increase risk of muscle related side effect (Rhabdomyolysis)

27
Q

What happens when you combine statins with fibrates

A

Increased risk of muscle related side effects (Rhabdomyolysis)

Eg gemfibrozil

28
Q

Lost drugs for primary heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia whose LDL-cholesterol has not been adequately controlled on maximum tolerated lipid-lowering therapy?

A

Alirocumab

evolocumab

29
Q

Patient should undergo a lipid lowering check after how many months?

A

3 months

30
Q

What is the target of reducing non HDL cholesterol?

A

40%

31
Q

High strength of simvastatin (80mg) causes what?

A

Myopathy

32
Q

Which statins should be taken in the morning?

A

Rosuvastatin
Atorvastatin

33
Q

List medium intensity drugs?

A

Atorvastatin 10mg
Simvastatin 20, 40mg
Fluvastatin 80mg
Rosuvastatin 5mg

34
Q

List low intensity drugs?

A

Fluvastatin 20, 40mg
Pravastatin 10,20,40mg
Simvastatin 10mg

35
Q

When do you give people 80mg simvastatin

A

hypercholesterolaemia and high risk of cardiovascular complications who have not achieved their treatment goals on lower doses

Pre Reg Exam (11 decks)

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