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Pre Reg Exam > Dementia > Flashcards

Dementia Flashcards

1
Q

What is dementia?

A

Progressive and degenerative brain disorder that affects memory, thinking, behavior and ability to carry out daily activities

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2
Q

List the symptoms of dementia?

A

Reduced ability to carry out daily activity
Memory loss
Personality changes
Difficulty reasoning and communication

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3
Q

List the four types of dementia?

A

Alzheimer’s disease
Vascular dementia
Dementia with Lewy bodies
Frontotemporal dementia

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4
Q

Tell us about Alzheimer’s disease

A
  • Most common type of dementia
  • caused by buildup of amyloid plaques and tau tangles in brain
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5
Q

Alzheimer’s disease leads to…?

A

Memory loss and cognitive decline

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6
Q

What is vascular dementia

A

Reduced blood flow to the brain which can be due to stroke or CVD

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7
Q

List stmtuokes of Vascular dementia?

A

Difficulty planning, organizing and decision making

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8
Q

What is Lewy bodies dementia?

A

Buildup of abnormal protein deposits (alpha synuclein) in the brain

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9
Q

Lewy body dementia leads to?

A

Problems with movement, sleep and cognitive function. Causes visual hallucinations

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10
Q

What is frontotemporal dementia?

A

Progressive damage to frontal or temporal lobes of brain. Linked to genetic mutation

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11
Q

FT dementia affects your..?

A

Personality
Behavior
And language

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12
Q

List the non modifiable risk factors?

A

Age
Genetics
Parkinson’s disease
Cerebrovascular disease

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13
Q

List the modifiable risk factors?

A

Smoking
Diabetes mellitus
Lack of physical activity
Obesity

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14
Q

List other symptoms of dementia

A

Memory problem - impaired executive function, disorientation, dysphasia

Behavior symptoms- depression, agitation, delusions and sleep disruption

Difficulty with daily living- eating, hygiene, dressing

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15
Q

What are the other conditions similar to dementia?

A

Depression
Hypothyroidism (mood and cognitive disturbance)
Infections (uti)
Vitamin deficiency
Delirium

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16
Q

What is the aim of treatment?

A

Does cure but
- helps relieve symptoms
- stop progression of dementia

17
Q

What is the first line group class treatment?

A

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

18
Q

List the drugs used to treat mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Acetylcholinesterase -

Donepazil, rivastigmine and galantamine

(DARG)

19
Q

List drug used to treat moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease

A

Glutamate receptor antagonist-
Memantine ( alone or add with first line)

20
Q

Which dementia can you not use Acetylcholinesterase and memantine?

A

Frontotemporal dementia

21
Q

What are the MHRA warnings in dementia m?

A
  • Do not use antipsychotics in elderly patient with dementia unless you have to. (Risk of stroke- death)
  • balance risks and assess if they have previous of stroke, TIA, hypertension, diabetes, smoking and AF (cerebrovascular
22
Q

When can you give antipsychotic trt in dementia?

A
  • Last option
  • high risk of harming themselves or others
  • hallucinations, delusions, severely distress
23
Q

What are the rules of taking antipsychotics drugs?

A
  • Give lowest dose
  • review at least every 6 weeks
24
Q

Antipsychotic can worse motor features of the condition in which dementia?

A

Lewy bodies
Parkinson’s disease

25
Q

What is the dose of donepezil?

A

5mg orally OD at bedtime

26
Q

List the side effects of acetylcholinesterase?

A

Parasympathetic side effects (works in that pathway)

Diarrhea, urinary incontinence, muscle weakness, bradycardia

Bronchospasm, emesis, lacrimation(flow of tears), salivation

(Dumb bels)

27
Q

which acetylcholinesterase is only licensed for dementia with Parkinson’s disease

A

Rivastigmine

28
Q

which acetylcholinesterase is only licensed for dementia with Parkinson’s disease

A

Rivastigmine

Pre Reg Exam (11 decks)

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