Dynamic Equilibrium Flashcards
What are the two types of chemical reactions based on reversibility?
- Reversible reactions (⇌): Can proceed in both forward and backward directions.
- Irreversible reactions (→): Can only proceed in one direction.
What is dynamic equilibrium?
A system where both the forward and backward reactions occur at the same rate in a closed system, so there is no visible change.
What do graphs show when a reaction reaches dynamic equilibrium?
- Reaction rate graph: The rates of the forward and backward reactions become equal at equilibrium.
- Concentration graph: The concentrations of reactants and products remain constant once equilibrium is reached.
What are the key characteristics of a reaction in dynamic equilibrium?
- The forward and backward reactions occur simultaneously.
- The rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the backward reaction.
- The concentration of reactants and products remains constant.
What does the position of equilibrium refer to?
The relative amounts of reactants and products in an equilibrium mixture.
Shifts in Equilibrium:
- Shifting left → More reactants are produced.
- Shifting right → More products are produced.
What is Le Chatelier’s Principle?
If a system in dynamic equilibrium experiences a change in conditions, the equilibrium shifts to counteract the change.
How does pressure affect equilibrium?
- Increase in Pressure: Shifts to the side with the fewest molecules to reduce pressure. (less moles)
- Decrease in Pressure: Shifts to the side with the most molecules to increase pressure. (most moles)
How does temperature affect equilibrium?
Exothermic Reactions:
* Increase in temperature: Equilibrium shifts left (favoring reactants).
* Decrease in temperature: Equilibrium shifts right (favoring products).
Endothermic Reactions:
* Increase in temperature: Equilibrium shifts right (favoring products).
* Decrease in temperature: Equilibrium shifts left (favoring reactants).
