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Year 7-8 Advance Science > Dynamic Earth > Flashcards

Dynamic Earth Flashcards

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1
Q

The crust

A

Outer layer of the earth. It is the solid rock layer we live on

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2
Q

The mantle

A

Widest section of the Earth
Made up of semi-molten rock called magma
Upper part of the mantle is rock and hard
Lower part is soft and beginning to melt

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3
Q

Outer Core

A

Layer surrounding the inner core.
It is a liquid layer also made up of iron and nickel
It is extremely hot

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4
Q

Inner Core

A

The hottest part of the Earth.
It is solid and made up of iron and nickel
It is very hot

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5
Q

Atmosphere

A

A layer of gas surrounding a planet

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6
Q

Folding

A

The bending of rock as a result of forces beneath the surface

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7
Q

Igneous rocks

A

Made up of crystals

Magma cooled down is igneous rock

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8
Q

Plutonic or intrusive igneous rocks

A

Rocks that form inside the earth

They have large crystals and cool down slowly

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9
Q

Volcanic or extrusive igneous rocks

A

Form on or above the Earth’s surface

They have small crystals so they cool down fast

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10
Q

Density

A

How much mass an object has

Dense things should feel heavy

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11
Q

Three different types of volcanoes

A

Shield, cinder and composite cone

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12
Q

Oceanic crust

A 
Part of the Earth's crust that covers the ocean
More dense than continental crust 
Made up of basalt
Thinner than continental crust
Less buoyancy than continental crust
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13
Q

Continental Crust

A 
Crust that covers the surface of the Earth
Made up of granite
Thicker than oceanic crust 
Less denser than the continental crust 
Greater buoyancy than the oceanic crust
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14
Q

Boundary between the crust and mantle

A

Moho

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15
Q

Epicentre

A

The point on the earth’s surface vertically above the focus of an earthquake.

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16
Q

Focus

A

Location where the earthquake begins

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17
Q

Pangaea

A

Giant landmass when the continents were once joined

18
Q

Evidence for continental drift

A

Coastlines of continents fit together, same fossils, same rocks found on different continents and coals found in cold areas and glaciers found in tropical areas

19
Q

Who made the theory about continental drift

A

Alfred Wegener

20
Q

Seafloor spreading

A

Chains of volcanoes on the seafloor creates new oceanic crust. The seafloor expands away from the volcano as new crust is created

21
Q

Lithosphere

A

Very rigid, colder layer that consists of the crust and the very top of the mantle
It’s lies on top of the asthenosphere

22
Q

Asthenosphere

A

Softer than the lithosphere
It is hot
Can move underneath the lithosphere

23
Q

Convection

A

When hot materials rise and cold materials sink

24
Q

Plate tectonics

A

Rigid lithosphere is divided into huge plates that floats on the softer asthenosphere

25
Q

Divergent

A

When plates move apart from each other New crust is created eg. Mid Atlantic Ridge

26
Q

Convergent

A

When the plates collide creating subduction zones
Hot magma rises to the Earth’s surface creating volcanoes
The crust is destroyed

27
Q

Subduction zones

A

Areas where one plate is pushed under another plate
The denser plate is pushed under the less dense one
Generates a lot of heat turning rock into magma

28
Q

Continental collision

A

One continent pushes into another causing the crust to buckle and fracture making mountains

29
Q

Transform boundary

A

When plates slides past each other
Crust is not created or destroyed here
Many earthquakes happens eg. San Andreas Fault

30
Q

Faults

A

Made when plates move and apply huge forces to the rocks, fracturing it

31
Q

Three different types of faults

A

Strike slip fault
Normal fault
Reverse fault

32
Q

Fault lines

A

Created when plates move and fracture the rocks

33
Q

Strike slip faults

A

When two plates slide in opposite directions and scrape against each other
Causes rocks to become horizontally offset

34
Q

Normal fault

A

When two plates are pulled apart from each other

Rocks on one side move down the slope causing rocks to become vertically offset

35
Q

Reverse faults

A

When two plates move towards or into each other
Move in the opposite direction to normal faults
Rocks become vertically offset and one side is on top of the other

36
Q

Hotspot

A

Body of magma that sits under the lithosphere
Magma from the hotspot rises up to the Earth’s volcano forming volcanoes
After, the lithosphere moves due to plate tectonics. They move away from the hotspot, magma rises again creating a new volcano creating a chain of volcanoes

37
Q

Earthquakes

A

Occur at the along fault lines because friction between plates creating energy.
When released an earthquake happens

38
Q

Two types of seismic waves

A

P waves and S waves

39
Q

P waves

A

Longitudinal like sound waves
Vibrate back and forth
Faster than S waves

40
Q

S waves

A

Transverse like waves on water
Vibrate side to side
Slower than P wave

41
Q

Magnitude

A

How much energy is released from an earthquake

Year 7-8 Advance Science (10 decks)

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