DSM Diagnoses

Question 1

Bipolar 1 Disorder

Answer 1

• must meet criteria for a manic episode (distinct period of abnormal and persistent elevated/expansive/irritable/increased energy for at least 1 week) may or may not be preceded/followed by a hypomanic or depressive episode
• during to mood disturbance at least 3 (inflated self-esteem, decreased need for sleep, talkative/pressured speech, flight of ideas, distractibility, increase in goal-oriented behaviour/psychomotor agitation, excessive involvement in risky activities, psychotic features may be present
• causes marked impairment in social, occupational functioning

Question 2

Bipolar 2 Disorder

Answer 2

• current/past hypomanic episode AND a current or past major depressive episode

Question 3

Hypomanic Episode

Answer 3

• mood disturbance lasting 4 days
• not significant enough to cause marked social/occupational impairment or hospitalization
• however, is psychotic symptoms are present it is considered a MANIC episode

Question 4

Depressive Episode

Answer 4

• five or more symptoms within 2 week period that represents a change from previous functioning
• at least one symptom must be either a depressed mood or anhedonia
• significant weight loss/gain
• insomnia/hypersomnia
• psychomotor agitation/retardation
• fatigue/loss of energy
• excessive worthlessness/guilt
• diminished ability to concentrate/indecisiveness
• recurrent thoughts of death/suicide

Question 5

Cyclothymic Disorder

Answer 5

• numerous hypomanic and depressive symptoms which do not meet the criteria of hypomanic/depressive episode for at least 2 years (1 year in children/adolescents

Question 6

Panic Disorder

Answer 6

• recurrent unexpected panic attacks - an abrupt surge of intense fear/discomfort that reaches a peak within minutes - during which four or more of the following symptoms occur
• palpitations, pounding heart, increased HR
• sweating
• trembling/shaking
• shortness of breath
• feelings of choking
• chest pain/discomfort
• nausea
• dizzy lightheaded faint
• chills/heat sensations
• fear of going crazy or dying
• parathesias
• derealization
• following the attack - persistent fear of having another attack, maladaptive behaviours to avoid attack

Question 7

GAD

Answer 7

• excessive anxiety and worry occuring more days than not for at least 6 months about a number of activities ie work or school
• finds it difficult to control the worry
• the anxiety/worry are associated with restlessness, being easily fatigues, being on edge, difficulty concentrating, mind going blank, irritability, muscle tension, sleep disturbance
• causes clinically significant distress or impairment

Question 8

Delirium

Answer 8

• an acute disturbance in attention, awareness, and cognition
• physiological, organic medical cause ie infection or drug use

Question 9

Alzheimer’s Disease

Answer 9

• clear evidence of decline in memory, learning, and one other cognitive domain
• steadily progressive, gradual decline in cognition without extended plateaus
• neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles
• nursing interventions
• memory enhancement - reminding what they had for breakfast, which activity was just completed, who just visited, encouraging recollection of past and telling past stories
• orientation, maintaining same schedule, avoiding room changes

Question 10

PTSD

Question 11

Acute Stress Disorder