Diabetes

Question 1

DM type 1 Pathophysiology

Answer 1

• progressive destruction of pancreatic B cells

- reduction of 80-90% of normal B cell function lost before symptoms/hyperglycemia occur

Question 2

DM type 2 Pathophysiology

Answer 2

• body usually continues to produce some endogenous insulin, however, it is either in insufficient amounts or poorly utilized by the body
• insulin resistance, body cells do not respond to insulin
• pancreas fatigue - marked decrease in insulin production due to pancreas overcompensation

Question 3

Clinical Manifestations of DM T1

Answer 3

• manifestations are usually acute
• polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia
• weakness, fatigue. yeast infections. ketoacidosis

Question 4

Storage of insulin

Answer 4

• opened vials/cartriges can be left at room temp up to 4 weeks
• unopened must be refrigerated and kept out of light

Question 5

Manifestations of hyperglycemia

Answer 5

• polyuria
• weakness, fatigue
• headache
• nausea/vomiting
• DKA

Question 6

Manifestations of hypoglycemia

Answer 6

• cold clammy skin
• rapid HR
• emotional chanes
• nervousness, tremors
• faintness, dizziness
• slurred speech
• seizures

Question 7

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Answer 7

• profound insulin deficiency
• hyperglycemia, ketosis, metabolic acidosis, dehydration
• not enough insulin, glucose cant be used, so body breaks down fats and muscles for energy
• ketones (highly acidic by-product) build up
• throws off pH and electrolyte balances, severe dehydration
• can lead to coma