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Psychology > DSE212 Exploring Psychology - Chapter 5 don't revise > Flashcards

DSE212 Exploring Psychology - Chapter 5 don't revise Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychometrics can be used to measure what?

A

Individual differences

Personality

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2
Q

How have psychologists sought to describe and explain individual differences in personality?

A

Trait Theories of Personality

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3
Q

What is Trait Theory of Personality?

A

Hierarchical structure for personality built from traits and clusters of traits

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4
Q

What 3 methods did Cattell use to research personality?

A

Inductive Approach
Personality Profiles
Inductive-hypothetico-deductive Spiral

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5
Q

How many factors did Cattell use to describe personality?

A

16

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6
Q

How many factors did Costa & McCrae use to describe personality?

A

5

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7
Q

What are Costa & McCrae’s factors of personality?

A

OCEAN

Openness
Consciousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
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8
Q

Over time and across age-span Costa & McCrae used their personality test to explore what?

A

Stability of personality

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9
Q

What did Costa & McCrae regarding personality across age-span?

A

Juvenile personality is more fluid than adult personality

Over 30 years of age personality stabilises

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10
Q

How many personality factors did Goldberg’s model use?

A

The Big 5

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11
Q

What was the focus of Goldberg’s personality research?

A

Cross-cultural - EMIC Approach

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12
Q

What is central to the concept of personality?

A

Consistency

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13
Q

What is Eysenck’s theory of personality?

A

A Type Theory based on biology which in turn leads to traits

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14
Q

What 3 factors and associated personality traits are involved in Eysenck’s model of personality?

A

Neuroticism
Extraversion
Psychoticism

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15
Q

What was the basis of Eysenck’s belief that a significant part of personality is genetically determined?

A

Brain biology and function is inherited
therefore a significant part of
Personality is genetically determined

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16
Q

What are the four personality types defined by Eysenck?

A

E - Extraversion - Intraversion

N - Neuroticism - Emotional Stability

17
Q

What was the extra personality type defined by Eysenck?

A

P - Psychoticism - Super-Ego Strength

18
Q

What was Eysenck’s basic personality test to measure personality in terms of ENP?

A

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ)

one of the most widely measures of personality for several decades

19
Q

According to Eysenck what is the cause of Extraversion/Intraversion?

A

Individual differences in cortical arousal controlled by ARAS

20
Q

What evidence supports Eysenck’s three factor structure of personality?

A

Psychometric and Psychological evidence

eg depressant + introvert = extraversion
stimulant + extrovert = intraversion

21
Q

Who conducted a study on temperament relating to personality?

A

Buss & Plomin (1984)

22
Q

What three personality traits do Buss & Plomin think are genetically inherited?

A

EAS

Emotionality
Activity
Sociability

These three temperaments observed in childhood would predict adult personality

23
Q

Which view of temperament has some overlap with Buss & Plomin’s?

A

Eysenck’s Type Theory of Personality

24
Q

What method is used to study temperament?

A

Longitudinal studies (Kagan)

Parent diaries

25
Q

Behaviour genetic studies are used to study what?

A

The relationship between genetics and behaviour

26
Q

What is the most commonly used design in behaviour genetic studies?

A

Comparison between pairs of monozygotic (identical) and dizygotic (non-identical) twins

27
Q

What are behaviour genetics used for?

A

Estimating heritability

28
Q

Biological explanations of personal strongly suggest what

A

That part of personality is genetically determined

29
Q

The possible contribution of genetics to personality can be studied empirically through?

A

Molecular genetics
Temperament in children
Twin, family and adoption studies of behaviour genetics

30
Q

Which famous study illustrates the interactions between roles, situations and personality?

A

Zimbado’s Prison Study

Psychology (6 decks)

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