DSE212 Exploring Psychology - Chapter 5 don't revise Flashcards
Psychometrics can be used to measure what?
Individual differences
Personality
How have psychologists sought to describe and explain individual differences in personality?
Trait Theories of Personality
What is Trait Theory of Personality?
Hierarchical structure for personality built from traits and clusters of traits
What 3 methods did Cattell use to research personality?
Inductive Approach
Personality Profiles
Inductive-hypothetico-deductive Spiral
How many factors did Cattell use to describe personality?
16
How many factors did Costa & McCrae use to describe personality?
5
What are Costa & McCrae’s factors of personality?
OCEAN
Openness Consciousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism
Over time and across age-span Costa & McCrae used their personality test to explore what?
Stability of personality
What did Costa & McCrae regarding personality across age-span?
Juvenile personality is more fluid than adult personality
Over 30 years of age personality stabilises
How many personality factors did Goldberg’s model use?
The Big 5
What was the focus of Goldberg’s personality research?
Cross-cultural - EMIC Approach
What is central to the concept of personality?
Consistency
What is Eysenck’s theory of personality?
A Type Theory based on biology which in turn leads to traits
What 3 factors and associated personality traits are involved in Eysenck’s model of personality?
Neuroticism
Extraversion
Psychoticism
What was the basis of Eysenck’s belief that a significant part of personality is genetically determined?
Brain biology and function is inherited
therefore a significant part of
Personality is genetically determined
What are the four personality types defined by Eysenck?
E - Extraversion - Intraversion
N - Neuroticism - Emotional Stability
What was the extra personality type defined by Eysenck?
P - Psychoticism - Super-Ego Strength
What was Eysenck’s basic personality test to measure personality in terms of ENP?
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ)
one of the most widely measures of personality for several decades
According to Eysenck what is the cause of Extraversion/Intraversion?
Individual differences in cortical arousal controlled by ARAS
What evidence supports Eysenck’s three factor structure of personality?
Psychometric and Psychological evidence
eg depressant + introvert = extraversion
stimulant + extrovert = intraversion
Who conducted a study on temperament relating to personality?
Buss & Plomin (1984)
What three personality traits do Buss & Plomin think are genetically inherited?
EAS
Emotionality
Activity
Sociability
These three temperaments observed in childhood would predict adult personality
Which view of temperament has some overlap with Buss & Plomin’s?
Eysenck’s Type Theory of Personality
What method is used to study temperament?
Longitudinal studies (Kagan)
Parent diaries
Behaviour genetic studies are used to study what?
The relationship between genetics and behaviour
What is the most commonly used design in behaviour genetic studies?
Comparison between pairs of monozygotic (identical) and dizygotic (non-identical) twins
What are behaviour genetics used for?
Estimating heritability
Biological explanations of personal strongly suggest what
That part of personality is genetically determined
The possible contribution of genetics to personality can be studied empirically through?
Molecular genetics
Temperament in children
Twin, family and adoption studies of behaviour genetics
Which famous study illustrates the interactions between roles, situations and personality?
Zimbado’s Prison Study
