DSA WL and FAtigue Flashcards
What nutrients are absorbed in the proximal SI?
- Iron
- Ca2+
- Folate
- Fats
- Carbs
- TAGS
What nutrients are absorbed in the distal SI?
- Vitamin B12
- Bile salts
- Water
What nutrients are absorbed in the colon?
- Water
- Electrolytes
______________ difficulty initiating or maintaining voluntary mental or physical activity.
Fatigue
Differential Dx Fatigue
- Occult GI Bleed
-
Cancer
- Esophageal
- Gastric
- Colon
- Pancreas
- Liver (HCC and Cholangiocarcinoma)
- GB
- IBD
- Chronic liver disease
-
Malnutrition/malabsoprtion
- Celiac
- Chronic Pancreatitis/ Pancreatic insufficieny/ CF
- Bile salt malabsorption
- Whipple Disease
Differential Dx: Unintentional WL
- Cancer
- Malabsorption Syndromes
- IBD
- Poor dentition
When diagnosing Fatigue
- What is CRITICAL?
- What must we distinguish, review and what is neecessary to understand the patients experience and gauge recovery and success of treatment?
- What can raise our suspicions o_f occult infection_ or malignancy?
- DETAILED HISTORY is CRITICAL
- In ROS, we must distinguish fatgue from excessive sleepiness, dyspnea on exertion, excercise intolerance and muscle weakness.
- Review patients meds/drugs/alcohol, life stressors, sleep habits and sleep hygeine.
- ASK how fatigue is impacting daily functioning => understand experience and used to to compare treatments
- Fever, chills, night sweats, WL = occult infection or malignancy.
How is fatigue diagnosed?
- Lab testing will only diagnose chronic fatigue 5% of the time => let H&P guide labs.
What labs should we run, based on the H&P, for fatigue?
- CBC + differential (anemia, infection and cancer)
- Electrolytes (K, Na , Ca, glucose, liver and renal fx)
- Thyroid function
- HIV
- Adrenal function
- ESR (Erythrocye sedmentation rate); looks for mimics
__________ =not informative in isolation in patients with fatigue and is + at low titers in healthy people
_________ are not indicated in patients with fatigue because inconentient, risk, costly and show unrelated findings.
- Routine screening with antinuclear antibody (ANA)
- Whole-body image scans
Rapid fluctuations of weight over days = ___________, whereas long-term changes = _________
Rapid fluctuations of weight over days suggest loss or gain of fluid, whereas long-term changes usually involve loss of tissue mass.
Loss of _____ of body weight over ____ months should prompt further evaluation.
Loss of 5-10% of body weight over 6 months should prompt further evaluation.
Common causes of unintentional weight loss:
In older persons
- Cancer (lung cancer and GI cancers)
- Benign GI disease
- Depression
Common causes of unintentional weight loss:
In younger persons
- DM
- Hyperthyroidism
- Anorexia nervosa
- Infection (HIV)
When taking a history in unintentional weight loss, what should you ask?
A history of GI symptoms, including difficulty eating, dysgeusia (distorted sense of taste), dysphagia, anorexia, nausea, and change in bowel habits.
When taking a PE in unintentional weight loss, what should you do?
- START with weighing them
-
All men = rectal and prostate exam
- cancer
-
All women = pelvic exam
- cancer
- Both = stool for occult blood
Before extensive evailation is done for unintentional WL, what must be done?
Confirm WL HAS occured (up to 50% of claims cannot be proven); if no docutmention, changes in clothes or belt size
What GI disorders can cause WL?
- Malabsorption
- Obstriction
- Peptic Ulcer
- Celiacs
- IBD
- Pancreatitis
- Perncious anemia
Occult GI Bleed = bleeding that is not apparent to patient.
- Symptoms
- MCC causes occult bleeding with iron deficiency
- Symptoms can be similar to signs of anemia: Fatigue, shortness of breath
- The most common causes of occult bleeding with iron deficiency are
- (1) neoplasms
- (2) vascular abnormalities (angioectasias)
•(3) acid-peptic lesions (esophagitis, peptic ulcer disease, erosions in hiatal hernia)
- (4) infections (nematodes, especially hookworm; tuberculosis)
- (5) medications (especially NSAIDs or aspirin)
- (6) inflammatory bowel disease (CD > UC)
Common causes of occult blood loss
- Nonfamilial adenomatous & serrated polyps
- Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP)
- Lynch Syndrome
- Angioectasias (angiodysplasias)
You will need to remember: In premenopausal women, iron deficiency anemia is most commonly attributable to
- menstruation
- pregnancy-associated iron loss
Dx Occult GI Bleed (3)
- positive (fecal occult blood test) FOBT,
- (fecal immunochemical test) FIT,
- Iron deficiency anemia in the absence of visible blood loss.
Patients with iron deficiency anemia should be evaluated for possible:
Celiac disease with either:
- IgA anti-tTG
- Duodenal biopsy
In patients, younger than 60 years, with unexplained occult bleeding or iron deficiency anemia
it is recommended to pursue,
Further evaluation of the small intestine for a source of obscure-occult bleeding in order to exclude a small intestinal neoplasm or IBD
