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Endo/Repro > DSA Intro To Endocrine > Flashcards

DSA Intro To Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

PTH Where does it come from, what kind of molecule, action

A

Parathyroid, peptide, increase serum calcium conc

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2
Q

Cortisol

A

Adrenal cortex, steroid, stimulates gluconeogenesis;inhibits inflammatory reponse; suppresses immune response; enhances vascular responsiveness to catecholamines.

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3
Q

Aldosterone

A

Adrenal cortex Steroid Increases renal sodium reabsorption, potassium secretion, and Hydrogen secretion

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4
Q

dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione (adrenal androgens)

A

Adrenal cortex, steroid Same actions testosterone: stimulates spermatogenesis; stimulates male secondary sex characteristics

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5
Q

Testosterone

A

Testes, steroid, stimulates spermatogenesis; stimulates male secondary sex characteristics

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6
Q

Estradiol

A

Ovaries, steroid Stimulates growth and development of female repro system, follicular phase of menstrual cycle, development of breasts, prolactin secretion; maintains pregnancy

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7
Q

Progesterone

A

Ovaries, steroid Stimulates luteal phase of menstrual cycle/ maintains pregnancy

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8
Q

Estradiol and progesterone

A

Corpus luteum, steroid Same actions as in the ovaries

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9
Q

HCG

A

Placenta, peptide Stimulates estrogen and progesterone synthesis in corpus luteum of early pregnancy

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10
Q

Human placental lactogen (hPL) or human chorionic somatomammotropin

A

Placenta, peptide Has growth hormone-like and prolactin-like actions during pregnancy

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11
Q

Estriol

A

Placenta, steroid Stimulates growth and development of female repro system, follicular phase of menstrual cycle, development of breasts, prolactin secretion; maintains pregnancy

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12
Q

Progesterone (placental)

A

Placenta, steroid Stimulates luteal phase of menstrual cycle, maintains pregnancy

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13
Q

Insulin

A

Pancrea (beta cells), peptide Decreases blood glucose

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14
Q

Glucagon

A

Alpha cells of pancreas, peptide Increases blood glucose

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15
Q

Renin

A

Kidney, peptide Catalyzes conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1

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16
Q

1,25 Dihydroxycholecalciferol

A

Kidney, steroid Increases intestinal absorption of calcium, bone mineralization

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17
Q

Norepi, Epi

A

Adrenal medulla, Amines

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18
Q

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

A

Hypothalamus, peptide stimulates secretion of TSH and prolactin

19
Q

Corticotropin-releasing hormone

A

Hypothalamus, peptide Stimulates secretion of ACTH

20
Q

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

A

Hypothalamus, peptide Stimulates secretion of LH and FSH

21
Q

Somatostatin or somatotoropin release-inhibiting hormon (SRIF)

A

Hypothalamus, Peptide Inhibits secretion of growth hormone

22
Q

Dopamine or prolactin-inhibiting factor (PIF)

A

Hypothalamus, amine Inhibits secretion of prolactin

23
Q

Growth hormone-releaseing hormone (GHRH)

A

Hypothalamus, peptide Stimulates secretion of GH

24
Q

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

A

Anterior Pituitary, peptide Stimulates synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones

25
Q

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

Ant. Pit. Peptide, Stimulates sperm maturation in Sertoli cells of testes, stimulates follicular development and estrogen synthesis in ovaries

26
Q

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

Ant. Pit. Peptide, Stimulates testosterone synthesis in Leydig cells of testes, stimulates ovulation, formation of corpus luteum, estogen and progesterone synthesis in ovaries

27
Q

Growth Hormone

A

Ant. Pit. Peptide Stimulates protein synthesis and overall growth

28
Q

Prolactin

A

Ant. Pit. Peptide Stimulates milk production and secretion in breast

29
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

Ant. Pit. Peptide Stimulates synthesis and secretion of adrenal cortical hormones (cortisol, androgens, and aldosterone)

30
Q

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

A

Ant. Pit Peptide Stimulates melanin synthesis

31
Q

Oxytocin

A

Posterior Pit. Peptide Stimulates milk ejection from breasts and uterine contractions

32
Q

Vasopressin or ADH

A

Posterior Pit. Peptide Stimulates water reabsorption in principal cells of collecting ducts and constriciton of arterioles

33
Q

Triiodothyronine (T3) and L-thyroxine (T4)

A

Thyroid amines Stimulate skeletal growth;oxygen consumption; heat production; protein, fat, and carb utilization; perinatal maturation of the CNS

34
Q

PTH

A

Parathyroid peptide Increases serum Calcium

35
Q

Calcitonin

A

Thyroid peptide Decreases serum calcium

36
Q

What are amine hormones derivatives of

A

Tyrosine

37
Q

Protein vs Peptide

A

More than or equal to 100 aa are proteins Less than 100 are peptides

38
Q

Stimuli for exocytosis of proteins

A

Increase in intracellular calcium caused by membrane depol Activation of G protein coupled receptor, followed by cAMP and activation of protein kinase A

39
Q

Catecholamines

A

Synthesized in cytosol and secretory granules Act through cell membrane associated receptors

40
Q

Thyroid hormones -where synthesized, stored, action

A

Synthesized by thyroid gland and stored as thyroglobullin in follicles within the gland Cross cell membrane and act through nuclear receptors

41
Q

Two examples of positive feedback cycles

A

Menstrual cycle -Estrogen: increasing estrogen levels in blood temp stimulate FSH, LH release from Anterior Pituitary, which further increases estrogen levels leading to ovulation Delivery of a fetus -oxytocin: stimulates and enhances labor contractions

42
Q

Long-loop feedback

A

Hormone released from 3rd tier (peripheral endocrine gland) feeds all the way back to the 1st tier (hypothalamus) and 2nd tier (pituitary)

43
Q

Short-loop feedback

A

Hormone secreted from 2nd tier (pituitary) feeds back to the 1st tier (hypothalamus)

44
Q

Ultra short-loop feedback

A

Gland inhibits its own feedback

Endo/Repro (10 decks)

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