DSA Intro To Endocrine

Question 1

PTH Where does it come from, what kind of molecule, action

Answer 1

Parathyroid, peptide, increase serum calcium conc

Question 2

Cortisol

Answer 2

Adrenal cortex, steroid, stimulates gluconeogenesis;inhibits inflammatory reponse; suppresses immune response; enhances vascular responsiveness to catecholamines.

Question 3

Aldosterone

Answer 3

Adrenal cortex Steroid Increases renal sodium reabsorption, potassium secretion, and Hydrogen secretion

Question 4

dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione (adrenal androgens)

Answer 4

Adrenal cortex, steroid Same actions testosterone: stimulates spermatogenesis; stimulates male secondary sex characteristics

Question 5

Testosterone

Answer 5

Testes, steroid, stimulates spermatogenesis; stimulates male secondary sex characteristics

Question 6

Estradiol

Answer 6

Ovaries, steroid Stimulates growth and development of female repro system, follicular phase of menstrual cycle, development of breasts, prolactin secretion; maintains pregnancy

Question 7

Progesterone

Answer 7

Ovaries, steroid Stimulates luteal phase of menstrual cycle/ maintains pregnancy

Question 8

Estradiol and progesterone

Answer 8

Corpus luteum, steroid Same actions as in the ovaries

Question 9

HCG

Answer 9

Placenta, peptide Stimulates estrogen and progesterone synthesis in corpus luteum of early pregnancy

Question 10

Human placental lactogen (hPL) or human chorionic somatomammotropin

Answer 10

Placenta, peptide Has growth hormone-like and prolactin-like actions during pregnancy

Question 11

Estriol

Answer 11

Placenta, steroid Stimulates growth and development of female repro system, follicular phase of menstrual cycle, development of breasts, prolactin secretion; maintains pregnancy

Question 12

Progesterone (placental)

Answer 12

Placenta, steroid Stimulates luteal phase of menstrual cycle, maintains pregnancy

Question 13

Insulin

Answer 13

Pancrea (beta cells), peptide Decreases blood glucose

Question 14

Glucagon

Answer 14

Alpha cells of pancreas, peptide Increases blood glucose

Question 15

Renin

Answer 15

Kidney, peptide Catalyzes conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1

Question 16

1,25 Dihydroxycholecalciferol

Answer 16

Kidney, steroid Increases intestinal absorption of calcium, bone mineralization

Question 17

Norepi, Epi

Answer 17

Adrenal medulla, Amines

Question 18

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

Answer 18

Hypothalamus, peptide stimulates secretion of TSH and prolactin

Question 19

Corticotropin-releasing hormone

Answer 19

Hypothalamus, peptide Stimulates secretion of ACTH

Question 20

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Answer 20

Hypothalamus, peptide Stimulates secretion of LH and FSH

Question 21

Somatostatin or somatotoropin release-inhibiting hormon (SRIF)

Answer 21

Hypothalamus, Peptide Inhibits secretion of growth hormone

Question 22

Dopamine or prolactin-inhibiting factor (PIF)

Answer 22

Hypothalamus, amine Inhibits secretion of prolactin

Question 23

Growth hormone-releaseing hormone (GHRH)

Answer 23

Hypothalamus, peptide Stimulates secretion of GH

Question 24

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer 24

Anterior Pituitary, peptide Stimulates synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones

Question 25

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer 25

Ant. Pit. Peptide, Stimulates sperm maturation in Sertoli cells of testes, stimulates follicular development and estrogen synthesis in ovaries

Question 26

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer 26

Ant. Pit. Peptide, Stimulates testosterone synthesis in Leydig cells of testes, stimulates ovulation, formation of corpus luteum, estogen and progesterone synthesis in ovaries

Question 27

Growth Hormone

Answer 27

Ant. Pit. Peptide Stimulates protein synthesis and overall growth

Question 28

Prolactin

Answer 28

Ant. Pit. Peptide Stimulates milk production and secretion in breast

Question 29

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer 29

Ant. Pit. Peptide Stimulates synthesis and secretion of adrenal cortical hormones (cortisol, androgens, and aldosterone)

Question 30

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

Answer 30

Ant. Pit Peptide Stimulates melanin synthesis

Question 31

Oxytocin

Answer 31

Posterior Pit. Peptide Stimulates milk ejection from breasts and uterine contractions

Question 32

Vasopressin or ADH

Answer 32

Posterior Pit. Peptide Stimulates water reabsorption in principal cells of collecting ducts and constriciton of arterioles

Question 33

Triiodothyronine (T3) and L-thyroxine (T4)

Answer 33

Thyroid amines Stimulate skeletal growth;oxygen consumption; heat production; protein, fat, and carb utilization; perinatal maturation of the CNS

Question 34

PTH

Answer 34

Parathyroid peptide Increases serum Calcium

Question 35

Calcitonin

Answer 35

Thyroid peptide Decreases serum calcium

Question 36

What are amine hormones derivatives of

Answer 36

Tyrosine

Question 37

Protein vs Peptide

Answer 37

More than or equal to 100 aa are proteins Less than 100 are peptides

Question 38

Stimuli for exocytosis of proteins

Answer 38

Increase in intracellular calcium caused by membrane depol Activation of G protein coupled receptor, followed by cAMP and activation of protein kinase A

Question 39

Catecholamines

Answer 39

Synthesized in cytosol and secretory granules Act through cell membrane associated receptors

Question 40

Thyroid hormones -where synthesized, stored, action

Answer 40

Synthesized by thyroid gland and stored as thyroglobullin in follicles within the gland Cross cell membrane and act through nuclear receptors

Question 41

Two examples of positive feedback cycles

Answer 41

Menstrual cycle -Estrogen: increasing estrogen levels in blood temp stimulate FSH, LH release from Anterior Pituitary, which further increases estrogen levels leading to ovulation Delivery of a fetus -oxytocin: stimulates and enhances labor contractions

Question 42

Long-loop feedback

Answer 42

Hormone released from 3rd tier (peripheral endocrine gland) feeds all the way back to the 1st tier (hypothalamus) and 2nd tier (pituitary)

Question 43

Short-loop feedback

Answer 43

Hormone secreted from 2nd tier (pituitary) feeds back to the 1st tier (hypothalamus)

Question 44

Ultra short-loop feedback

Answer 44

Gland inhibits its own feedback