DSA Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards
What is the ANS
Two neuron chain connecting preganglionic neurons through ganglia to visceral target tissue like Cardiac muscles Smooth muscles Secretory glands Connective tissues Immune cells
Somatic nervous system
Voluntary control of the musculoskeletal system
Autonomic nervous system
Involuntary
Important for homeostasis
Regulated by hypothalamus, Limbic, and brainstem
3 sequential neurons in the output pathway
Sympathetic
Cervical ganglia
Paravertebral ganglia
Prevertebral ganglia
Cervical ganglia
Superior middle and stellate
Paravertebral ganglia
Thoracolumnar
Paravertebral ganglia
Celiac
Superior mesenteric
Inferior mesenteric
Parasympathetic
CN3, 7, 9, X, sacral s2,3,4
CN3
Eye
Cn7
Lacrimal , palatine and submandibular
Cn9
Parotid
CnX
Cardiopulmonary, GI
Sacral
Colon, rectum GU
Enteric nervous system
Capable of sustaining local reflex activity independent of CNS
Complex interactions between ANS and CNS
Paraganglia
Extrasuprarenal aggregations of chromatin tissue (abdominal, adrenal and paraspinal)
Synthesize and store catecholamines
Types of paraganglia
Pheochromocytoma 85%
Paraganglioma 5-15%
Symptoms of pheochromocytoma and paraganglia
Headache, sweating, tachycardia
Sympathetic vascular
Fascia, smooth muscle, and sweat glands, trunk and extremities
Sympathetic visceral
SM, cardiac, nodal and glandular tissue in thoracoabdominaopelvic cavity
Parasympathetic vascular
No
Parasympathetic viscera;
Same as sympathetic but also in viscera of head and neck
Adaptation
In stress-involves activation of neural, neuroendocrine, and neuroendocrine-immune mechanisms
Physiologic harmony
Maintains well being result of a relatively stable state or equilibrium among the interdependent body function
Allosteric load
Frequent activation of allosteric systems
Continuation of feedback pathways meant to reestablish normal homeostasis
Long term exposure may cause atrophy of the hippocampus affecting feedback, memory and autonomic function