Cranila Midline Bones Flashcards
What are the midline/unpaired bones of the cranial base
Sphenoid occiput
What the the midline /unpaired bones of the face
Ethmoid, mandible, vomer
What are the paired bones of the cranial vault
Parietal, temporal, squamous temporal
What are te paired bones of the face
Inferior nasal concha Lacrimal Maxilla Nasal Palatine Zygoma
Midline bone motion
Rotate around a transverse axis in an anteriorposterior direction (even when it is labeled flexion-extension)
Paired bone motion
Usually move about AP axis ina. Lateral option (coronal plane), labeled external rotation.internal rotation (flexion-extension)
What is flexternal rotation
Flexion and extension
SBS inhalation motion
Flexion
Sphenoid will rotate about a transverse axis so that the alae will move anteriorly and the motion at the SBS will be superior
Occiput will rotate about a transverse axis so that the motion at the SBS will be superior and the bowl of the occiput will move posterior and inferior
What bones does the ethmoid atach to
Frontal, sphenoid, vomer, maxillary, palatine, nasal
What are the 4 parts of the ethmoid
Horizontal (cribriform plate)-includes crista galli
Perpendicular plate
2 lateral masses (form the orbital plates which are part of the medial walls of the orbits, forms the middle and superior concha)
Flexion of the ethmoid
Perpendicular plate is rotated by the sphenoid about its transverse axis-this swings the crista galli superiorly and psoteriorly
External rotation effects-the lateral masses of the expand inferiorly, using their attachments to the cribriform plate as a hinge due to the pull of external rotation of the maxilla
Extension ethmoid
-perpendicular plate is rotated by the sphenoid about its transverse axis-the swings of the crista galli inferiorly and anteriorly
Internal rotation effects-the lateral masses of the compress inferiorly, using their attachments the cribriform plate as a hinge due the pouch of internal rotation of the maxilla
Sinusitis
Lateral masses move as paired bones, into external rotation with widening of the ethmoid notch and external rotation of the maxilla..opening the nasal passage
The IR/ER effects on the ethmoid create a pumping action on the ethmoid sinus and contribute to the pumping action of the other sinuses
Septal deviation
The ethmoid spine (hinge-like area where the perpendicular plate joins the cribriform plate) allows some lateral deviation, as when an individual is breathing through only one nostril
Headache
Theoretically, 30% of CSF drains through the lymphatic system, with the most significant portion of that draining through the cribriform plate. Lymphatic backup due to ethmoid somatic dysfunction or sinusitis may contribute to : increased dural tension, which may be tied to migraine and or tension headache OR vascular effects which may lead to migraine sympotmatology
What does the sphenoid widen to contact
Sphenoid
Vomer flexion
Wide flare palate
Vomer extension
Narrow tall plate
Function vomer flexion
Depresses the hard palate with SBS flexion
Vomer flexion posterior part and anterior part
Posterior part depresses the palatines, flattening the roof of the mouth
Anterior part ascends to allow premaxillary to externally rotate
when SBS is in flexion, what do ethmoid and vomer do
Ethmoid will move in same direction as the occiput
The vomer will move in the same direction as the sphenoid
Vowels move together, consonants move together
SD vomer clinical
Secondary to the position of sphenoid usually trauma to the face
The palatines follow the __ into IR and ER
Maxillae
ER palatine
Horizontal plate moves laterally and inferiorly
Flexion palate flattens
IR palatine
Horizontal plate moves medially and superiorly
Extension palate rises
Flexion palatine
Palate flattens
Extension pasta
Palate rises (high palate)
SD palatine
Indicative of sphenopalatineganglion involvement
Swallowing/speech difficulties if developmental deformities
SBS extension
Exhalation
SBS moves inferiorly with decreased angle inferiorly
Sphenoid and occiput have transverse axes of rotation
SBS flexion
Paired with inhalation
SBS moves superiorly with increased angle inferiorly
Stevie
Naming vertical strains
By the direction of the basisphenoid
Superior vertical strain
When the sphenoid is in flexion (basisphenoid is superior)
Bones rotate anteriorly around involved axis
Inferior vertical strain
Sphenoid is in extension
Basisphenoid is inferior
Bones rotate posteriorly around involved axis
Sphenoid superior vertical strain
Flexed with rotation aroudn its transverse axis and basisphenoid superior
Bilateral anterior quadrants are in external rotation
Superior vertical strain occiput
Extended with rotation around its transverse axis
Bilateral posterior quadrants are in internal rotation
Inferior vertical strain sphenoid
Extended with rotation around its transverse axis and basisphenoid inferior
Bilateral anterior quadrants are in internal rotation
Inferior vertical strain occiput
Flexed with rotation around its transverse axis
Bilateral posterior quadrants are in external rotation
SBS torsion
Trauma
Sphenoid and occiput rotate in opposite directions around AP axis
Name is designated by superior sphenoid greater wing
Right SBS torsion
The right greater wing of the sphenoid superior compared to the left
Left SBS torsion
Left greater wing of the sphenoid superior compared to the right
Higher greater wing
Anterior quadrant is in relative external rotation
Low greater wing
Anterior quadrant is in relative internal rotation
SBS torsion axis
Sagittal(AP_
Motion in opposite directions
SBS latera strain naming
Direction of translation of basisphenoid
Left lateral strain
Lateral shear occurs when the sphenoid base to the left and the occipital base to the right
Axes of rotation SBS lateral strain
Sidebending:2 vertical axes direction of spin is in the same direction -foramen magnum, body of sphenoid
SBS lateral strain causes ___ head
Parallelogram
Lateral strain summary
Names for translation direction of the basisphenoid
Axes are vertical (superior inferior)
Sphenoid and occiput spin in the same direction
Side binding rotation axes
One sagittal axis AP
Two vertical axes Superior Inferior
Naming SBS sidebending rotation
By convex side
Flexed side convex side
Axes of rotation SBS sidebending rotation
Sidebending:2 vertical axes..sphenoid and occiput in opposite directions (foramen magnum, body of sphenoid)
Rotation 1-AP axis..sphenoid and occiput spin in the same direction
From opisthion to nasion for rotation
SBS sidebending rotation contours
The side of the lower greater wing and occiput is in relative flexion, and the high side is in relative extension
Sidebending rotation summary
Three axes-one sagittal-AP same direction
2 vertical SI opposite direction
Named for convex side
Sphenobasilar compression
SF of the cranium in which the basisphenoid and the basilar portion of the occiput have been approximated to the degree that motion is moderately impaired, seriously lacking or almost completely lost
What causes sphenobasilar compression
Trauma or compressive forces, including birth trauma
Vault contact palpation for SBS compression
Test for it by lifting the lateral angles of the frontal bone anteriorly with hte thumbs while stabilizing the lateral angles of the occiput posteriorly with the hands
Counternutation
Flexion inhalation
Base tips forward
Nutation
Extension exhalation
Base tips anteriorly
SBS moves superiorly pulling the sacrum at ___ attachment
S2 dural
SBS extension
Nutation
SBS flexion
Counternutation
Where would trauma occur to cause lateral strain
Asterion and pterion
Where would trauma occur to cause vertical strain superior on mandible inferior on frontal bone
Superior parietal and inf occiputalbase
Look at picture
Where would trauma occur to cause torsion
Anterior up down
Up at mandible
Where would trauma occur to cause sidebending rotation
Where temporal bone attaches to zygomatic process
