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Other > Cranila Midline Bones > Flashcards

Cranila Midline Bones Flashcards

1
Q

What are the midline/unpaired bones of the cranial base

A

Sphenoid occiput

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2
Q

What the the midline /unpaired bones of the face

A

Ethmoid, mandible, vomer

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3
Q

What are the paired bones of the cranial vault

A

Parietal, temporal, squamous temporal

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4
Q

What are te paired bones of the face

A 
Inferior nasal concha
Lacrimal
Maxilla
Nasal
Palatine
Zygoma
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5
Q

Midline bone motion

A

Rotate around a transverse axis in an anteriorposterior direction (even when it is labeled flexion-extension)

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6
Q

Paired bone motion

A

Usually move about AP axis ina. Lateral option (coronal plane), labeled external rotation.internal rotation (flexion-extension)

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7
Q

What is flexternal rotation

A

Flexion and extension

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8
Q

SBS inhalation motion

A

Flexion
Sphenoid will rotate about a transverse axis so that the alae will move anteriorly and the motion at the SBS will be superior

Occiput will rotate about a transverse axis so that the motion at the SBS will be superior and the bowl of the occiput will move posterior and inferior

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9
Q

What bones does the ethmoid atach to

A

Frontal, sphenoid, vomer, maxillary, palatine, nasal

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10
Q

What are the 4 parts of the ethmoid

A

Horizontal (cribriform plate)-includes crista galli
Perpendicular plate
2 lateral masses (form the orbital plates which are part of the medial walls of the orbits, forms the middle and superior concha)

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11
Q

Flexion of the ethmoid

A

Perpendicular plate is rotated by the sphenoid about its transverse axis-this swings the crista galli superiorly and psoteriorly

External rotation effects-the lateral masses of the expand inferiorly, using their attachments to the cribriform plate as a hinge due to the pull of external rotation of the maxilla

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12
Q

Extension ethmoid

A

-perpendicular plate is rotated by the sphenoid about its transverse axis-the swings of the crista galli inferiorly and anteriorly

Internal rotation effects-the lateral masses of the compress inferiorly, using their attachments the cribriform plate as a hinge due the pouch of internal rotation of the maxilla

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13
Q

Sinusitis

A

Lateral masses move as paired bones, into external rotation with widening of the ethmoid notch and external rotation of the maxilla..opening the nasal passage

The IR/ER effects on the ethmoid create a pumping action on the ethmoid sinus and contribute to the pumping action of the other sinuses

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14
Q

Septal deviation

A

The ethmoid spine (hinge-like area where the perpendicular plate joins the cribriform plate) allows some lateral deviation, as when an individual is breathing through only one nostril

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15
Q

Headache

A

Theoretically, 30% of CSF drains through the lymphatic system, with the most significant portion of that draining through the cribriform plate. Lymphatic backup due to ethmoid somatic dysfunction or sinusitis may contribute to : increased dural tension, which may be tied to migraine and or tension headache OR vascular effects which may lead to migraine sympotmatology

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16
Q

What does the sphenoid widen to contact

A

Sphenoid

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17
Q

Vomer flexion

A

Wide flare palate

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18
Q

Vomer extension

A

Narrow tall plate

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19
Q

Function vomer flexion

A

Depresses the hard palate with SBS flexion

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20
Q

Vomer flexion posterior part and anterior part

A

Posterior part depresses the palatines, flattening the roof of the mouth

Anterior part ascends to allow premaxillary to externally rotate

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21
Q

when SBS is in flexion, what do ethmoid and vomer do

A

Ethmoid will move in same direction as the occiput
The vomer will move in the same direction as the sphenoid

Vowels move together, consonants move together

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22
Q

SD vomer clinical

A

Secondary to the position of sphenoid usually trauma to the face

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23
Q

The palatines follow the __ into IR and ER

A

Maxillae

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24
Q

ER palatine

A

Horizontal plate moves laterally and inferiorly

Flexion palate flattens

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25
Q

IR palatine

A

Horizontal plate moves medially and superiorly

Extension palate rises

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26
Q

Flexion palatine

A

Palate flattens

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27
Q

Extension pasta

A

Palate rises (high palate)

28
Q

SD palatine

A

Indicative of sphenopalatineganglion involvement

Swallowing/speech difficulties if developmental deformities

29
Q

SBS extension

A

Exhalation
SBS moves inferiorly with decreased angle inferiorly
Sphenoid and occiput have transverse axes of rotation

30
Q

SBS flexion

A

Paired with inhalation
SBS moves superiorly with increased angle inferiorly
Stevie

31
Q

Naming vertical strains

A

By the direction of the basisphenoid

32
Q

Superior vertical strain

A

When the sphenoid is in flexion (basisphenoid is superior)

Bones rotate anteriorly around involved axis

33
Q

Inferior vertical strain

A

Sphenoid is in extension
Basisphenoid is inferior

Bones rotate posteriorly around involved axis

34
Q

Sphenoid superior vertical strain

A

Flexed with rotation aroudn its transverse axis and basisphenoid superior

Bilateral anterior quadrants are in external rotation

35
Q

Superior vertical strain occiput

A

Extended with rotation around its transverse axis

Bilateral posterior quadrants are in internal rotation

36
Q

Inferior vertical strain sphenoid

A

Extended with rotation around its transverse axis and basisphenoid inferior

Bilateral anterior quadrants are in internal rotation

37
Q

Inferior vertical strain occiput

A

Flexed with rotation around its transverse axis

Bilateral posterior quadrants are in external rotation

38
Q

SBS torsion

A

Trauma
Sphenoid and occiput rotate in opposite directions around AP axis

Name is designated by superior sphenoid greater wing

39
Q

Right SBS torsion

A

The right greater wing of the sphenoid superior compared to the left

40
Q

Left SBS torsion

A

Left greater wing of the sphenoid superior compared to the right

41
Q

Higher greater wing

A

Anterior quadrant is in relative external rotation

42
Q

Low greater wing

A

Anterior quadrant is in relative internal rotation

43
Q

SBS torsion axis

A

Sagittal(AP_

Motion in opposite directions

44
Q

SBS latera strain naming

A

Direction of translation of basisphenoid

45
Q

Left lateral strain

A

Lateral shear occurs when the sphenoid base to the left and the occipital base to the right

46
Q

Axes of rotation SBS lateral strain

A

Sidebending:2 vertical axes direction of spin is in the same direction -foramen magnum, body of sphenoid

47
Q

SBS lateral strain causes ___ head

A

Parallelogram

48
Q

Lateral strain summary

A

Names for translation direction of the basisphenoid
Axes are vertical (superior inferior)
Sphenoid and occiput spin in the same direction

49
Q

Side binding rotation axes

A

One sagittal axis AP

Two vertical axes Superior Inferior

50
Q

Naming SBS sidebending rotation

A

By convex side

Flexed side convex side

51
Q

Axes of rotation SBS sidebending rotation

A

Sidebending:2 vertical axes..sphenoid and occiput in opposite directions (foramen magnum, body of sphenoid)
Rotation 1-AP axis..sphenoid and occiput spin in the same direction
From opisthion to nasion for rotation

52
Q

SBS sidebending rotation contours

A

The side of the lower greater wing and occiput is in relative flexion, and the high side is in relative extension

53
Q

Sidebending rotation summary

A

Three axes-one sagittal-AP same direction
2 vertical SI opposite direction

Named for convex side

54
Q

Sphenobasilar compression

A

SF of the cranium in which the basisphenoid and the basilar portion of the occiput have been approximated to the degree that motion is moderately impaired, seriously lacking or almost completely lost

55
Q

What causes sphenobasilar compression

A

Trauma or compressive forces, including birth trauma

56
Q

Vault contact palpation for SBS compression

A

Test for it by lifting the lateral angles of the frontal bone anteriorly with hte thumbs while stabilizing the lateral angles of the occiput posteriorly with the hands

57
Q

Counternutation

A

Flexion inhalation

Base tips forward

58
Q

Nutation

A

Extension exhalation

Base tips anteriorly

59
Q

SBS moves superiorly pulling the sacrum at ___ attachment

A

S2 dural

60
Q

SBS extension

A

Nutation

61
Q

SBS flexion

A

Counternutation

62
Q

Where would trauma occur to cause lateral strain

A

Asterion and pterion

63
Q

Where would trauma occur to cause vertical strain superior on mandible inferior on frontal bone

Superior parietal and inf occiputalbase

A

Look at picture

64
Q

Where would trauma occur to cause torsion

A

Anterior up down

Up at mandible

65
Q

Where would trauma occur to cause sidebending rotation

A

Where temporal bone attaches to zygomatic process

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