Drugs used for treatment of retroviral infection

Question 1

Zidovudine

Answer 1

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
MOA: inhibits viral reverse transcriptase, DNA synthesis inhibited

Backbone of HIV therapy

Question 2

Nevirapine

Answer 2

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTIs)
MOA: binds to reverse transcriptase (allosteric site), inhibits transcription of RNA to DNA

Question 3

Darunavir

Answer 3

Protease inhibitor
MOA: inhibits HIV protease, prevents cleavage of viral polyproteins, formation of immature non-infectious viral particles

require combo of at least 2 other anti-HIV drugs + ritonavir

Question 4

Maraviroc

Answer 4

CCR5 antagonist
MOA: selectively, reversibly binds to CCR5 (on human CD4 cells) –> prevents HIV-1 fusion

ONLY HIV-1

Question 5

Enfuvirtide

Answer 5

Fusion Inhibitor
MOA: prevents uncoiling of HIV gp41
- prevents HIV-1 penetration

ONLY HIV-1

Question 6

Raltegravir

Answer 6

Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (INSTI)
MOA: blocks HIV enzyme integrase
- HIV integrase needed to insert viral DNA into DNA of host CD4 cells

ONLY HIV-1

Question 7

Ritonavir

Answer 7

Pharmacokinetic enhancer MOA: Potent inhibitor of CYP31
- enhances other protease inhibitors (Darunavir)

Question 8

Cobicistat

Answer 8

Pharmacokinetic enhancer
MOA: Potent inhibitor of CYP3A
- enhances bioavailability of other protease inhibitors (Darunavir) and integrase inhibitors ( Raltegravir)