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YFRM 300 > DRUGS TO Dyslipidaemia. > Flashcards

DRUGS TO Dyslipidaemia. Flashcards

1
Q

Which density lipoprotein is receptor mediated.

A

LDL

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2
Q

HDL apoprotein accepts cholesterol from tissues. This can
then be absorbed ?

A

e absorbed by specific receptors in the liver

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3
Q

list the complications of atherosclerosis from the brain to toe

A

cerebral infarction
carotid atheroma
myocardial infarction
Aortic aneurysm
peripheral vascular disease intermittent claudication
gangrene

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4
Q

Types of lipid on white blood cells?

A

LDL
GDL
VLDL
TRIGLYCERIDES
CHOLESTEROL

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5
Q

Normal or desirable cholesterol levels

A

less than 5.2

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6
Q

value for LDL

A

< 2.59

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7
Q

Primary dyslipidemia

A
  • 1⁰ forms are genetically determined
  • Familial hypercholesterolaemia
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8
Q

secondary Dysli[idemia

A

2⁰ forms are consequences of other conditions / drugs * Type 2 diabetes mellitus
* Obesity * Alcoholism * Nephrotic syndrome
* Chronic renal failure
* Hypothyroidis

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9
Q

what is Dyslipidemia?

A

abnormal lipid level on the body, Fats in blood, including cholesterol and triglycerides.

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10
Q

Can you give an example of a primary dyslipidemia condition?

A

An example of a primary dyslipidemia condition is familial hypercholesterolemia, which is an inherited disorder leading to high levels of LDL cholesterol.

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11
Q

What are some medical conditions that can lead to secondary dyslipidemia

A

A: Medical conditions that can lead to secondary dyslipidemia include type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, nephrotic syndrome, chronic renal failure, and hypothyroidism.

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12
Q

In what way can obesity contribute to secondary dyslipidemia?

A

Obesity can contribute to secondary dyslipidemia by increasing the levels of LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, and lowering HDL cholesterol levels.

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13
Q
  • Liver disease, &
A

Drugs = isotetrinoin & protease inhibitors (! HIV tx.

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14
Q

What are HMG CoA reductase inhibitors commonly known as?

A

HMG CoA reductase inhibitors are commonly known as statins

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15
Q

Can you name some examples of statins?

A

: Examples of statins include atorvastatin, simvastatin, and rosuvastatin

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16
Q

What is the function of bile acid sequestrants in treating dyslipidemia?

A

Bile acid sequestrants function by binding bile acids in the intestine, which reduces the reabsorption of cholesterol and lowers LDL cholesterol levels.

17
Q

Can you provide an example of a bile acid sequestrant?

A

An example of a bile acid sequestrant is cholestyramine.

18
Q

What are nicotinic acid and its derivatives used for in dyslipidemia treatment?

A

Nicotinic acid and its derivatives are used to lower triglyceride levels and increase HDL cholesterol levels.

19
Q

Can you name two derivatives of nicotinic acid?

A

Two derivatives of nicotinic acid are acipimox and nicotinic acid itself

20
Q

What class of drugs do bezafibrate, fenofibrate, and gemfibrozil belong to?

A

Bezafibrate, fenofibrate, and gemfibrozil belong to the class of drugs known as fibrates.

21
Q

How do fibrates work in treating dyslipidemia?

A

Fibrates work by decreasing triglyceride levels and, to a lesser extent, increasing HDL cholesterol levels.

22
Q

What is the role of inhibitors of cholesterol absorption in managing dyslipidemia

A

Inhibitors of cholesterol absorption reduce the amount of cholesterol absorbed by the intestine, thereby lowering blood cholesterol levels.

23
Q

Can you give an example of a drug that inhibits cholesterol absorption?

A

An example of a drug that inhibits cholesterol absorption is ezetimibe.

24
Q

What is a common supplement used to manage dyslipidemia that is categorized under ‘Other’?

A

A common supplement used to manage dyslipidemia that falls under the ‘Other’ category is omega-3 fatty acid.

25
Q

What is the therapeutic benefit of omega-3 fatty acids in dyslipidemia?

A

Omega-3 fatty acids help to lower triglyceride levels and may have beneficial effects on overall cardiovascular health.

26
Q

HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins)

A

Simvastatin (Zocor®) – SA EML primary
Atorvastatin (Lipitor®) – SA EML secondary
Rosuvastatin (Crestor®) (Used at some government facilities)
Pravastatin (Prava®)
Fluvastatin (Lescol®)
Lovastatin (Lovachol®)

27
Q

Statins

A

inhibit this rate limiting step everywhere, but most important site is in the liver.
As the free cholesterol content within hepatocytes is reduced, synthesis of LDL receptor
increases to bind and internalize circulating LDLs to extract cholesterol from them. The
decrease in cholesterol synthesis and increase in catabolism of LDL leads finally in
decreased plasma cholesterol level.
They also decrease triglyceride level and may increase HDL cholesterol level. More
potent statins like atorvastatin, rosuvastatin and Fluvastatin also have significant effect
on VLDL. Their effect on VLDL is due to increased VLDL clearance.

28
Q

Statins: indications

A
  • Adjunct to dietary therapy for lowering LDL and total cholesterol in
    dyslipidaemias where this is the major problem
  • Primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease
29
Q

statins are Ad mistered at night to reduce peak cholesterol synthesis in early morning. we have short and long acting.

A

Short-acting: simvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin
* Long-acting: Rosuvastatin, atorvastatin

30
Q

statin prodrug and is converted to its active form via
hepatic metabolism

A

Simvastatin

31
Q

Statins: contraindications

A
  • Pregnancy and lactation
  • Hepatic disease or elevated serum transaminases
  • Drugs that inhibit CYP3A4 (protease inhibitors)
32
Q

Statins: adverse effects

A

Mild
* Muscle pain (myalgia) * GI disturbance
* Raised liver enzymes
* Insomnia
* Rash

Serious
* Skeletal muscle damage
(myositis – rhabdomyolysis) –
class effect and dose-related,
more common in patients with
lean body mass and uncorrected
hypothyroidism (monitor
creatinine kinase levels in blood) * Angioedem

33
Q

Simvastatin

A

Excretion >60% secreted into the bile and eliminated in the faeces

34
Q

What is the recommended maximum daily dose of simvastatin when taken with amlodipine or amiodarone?

A

he recommended maximum daily dose of simvastatin when taken with amlodipine or amiodarone is 20 mg

35
Q

What is the recommended maximum daily dose of simvastatin when taken with diltiazem or verapamil?

A

he recommended maximum daily dose of simvastatin when taken with diltiazem or verapamil is 10 mg

YFRM 300 (18 decks)

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