Drugs for oral and dental conditions Flashcards
(37 cards)
Oral and dental hygiene: prevention and maintenance.
Fluoride: is effective in preventing dental caries by inhibiting the demineralization of tooth enamel, enhancing the remineralization of enamel, and inhibiting bacterial enzymes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates by cariogenic bacteria.
What are sources of Fluoride
Toothpaste. fluoride drinking water, professional applied topical fluorides and oral fluorides supplementation.
Importance of oral health and hygiene
because it is linked to dental disease affecting teeth
periodontal gum disease
many chronic diseases, including heart disease and diabetes.
Dental caries
is when complex bacteria biofilm disease that creates prolonged periods of low pH
in the mouth, resulting in a net mineral loss, and thus destruction of the hard layers, of the
teeth.
name the most common organism causing dental caries
Streptococcus mutants and lactobacillus bacteria.
dental symptoms
tooth sensitivity (decay)
mild to sharp pain when eating or drinking sweet, hot and cold fluids
visible holes or pits in teeth
brown, black, orange, or white staining on tooth surfaces
pain on biting
toothache
Dental caries: aetiology
- A systematic review of the literature revealed consistent evidence
supporting the relationship between the amount of sugars consumed
and dental caries development, giving support to the theory that
bacterial fermentation of sugars contributes to the creation of an
acidic environment. * Host genotypes, microbiomes, lifestyle, and oral hygiene contribute
as independent influential factors to the complex aetiology.
dental abscess
is an acute or chronic suppuration related to teeth, due to infection.
Name the characteristics of dental abscess
- Acute, severe, throbbing pain
- Swelling adjacent to the tooth, or on the face
- Pain worsened by tapping on affected teeth
- Restricted mouth opening or difficulty chewing
- Pus collection located around the tooth or at the apex of the root
The initial treatment for dental abscess
Amoxicillin plus metronidazole for 5 days
but severe dental abscess
Azithromycin for 3 days
for pain paracetamol
Periodontal disease
infection and inflammation of the gums and bone that surround and support the tooth.
at an early stage of periodontal the gums appear ?
swollen, red, and bleeding
and this disease is the leading cause of tooth loss.
on GINGIVITIS
when the calculus builds up on teeth and the gums are inflamed -red
on Periodontitis
the inflammation of the gums causes them to separate from the tooth forming pockets
Advance periodontitis
Severe bone loss, deep pockets, tooth is in danger of fallig off.
The intense inflammatory
reaction results
in gums separating from the teeth and the creation of
pockets that become infected.
Organism identified d in the pocket
Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
bacteria have been indicated in the pathogenesis of adult periodontitis
Periodontal disease: risk factors
- Poor oral hygiene
- Smoking
- Poorly controlled diabetes mellitus
- Stress
- Underlying immunodeficiencies
- Dry mouth
complication gingivitis can lead to ?
Periodontitis
due that the gums will from the teeth, froming pockets/ recess where the pus and bacteria will collect causing periodontitis
Characteristics of uncomplicated gingivitis:
- Pain * Redness
- Bleeding * Swollen gums
- Gum recession may occur
Gingivitis: prophylaxis and general measures
Oral hygiene is usually adequate to prevent superficial mouth and gum
infection:
* Oral hygiene after each meal to remove plaque and food debris.
- Brush teeth twice daily.
- Floss teeth at least once daily.
- Rinse mouth with homemade salt mouthwash for one minute twice
daily (i.e. ½ medicine measure of table salt in a glass of lukewarm
water).
Periodontitis
Progressive gingivitis to the point where the underlying bone is
eroded. It is characterised by loose teeth and is a cause of tooth loss in
adults
Necrotising periodontitis
An acute, very painful infection of the gingival margin.
