COPD

Question 1

Describe briefly the causes

Answer 1

COPD- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
is an abnormal inflammatory response of lung due to irritants, pollutants with progressive reduction of airflow

causes: chronic irritants of lung by cigarette smoking, post TB and inhaltion of pollutants, mining dust

Question 2

COPD is associated with what?

Answer 2

chronic bronchitis and emphysema

Question 3

symptoms of COPD

Answer 3

cough: with or without sputum
dyspnoea
wheezing
manifestation of right sided heart failure

Question 4

pathological processes involved in the development of COPD

Question 5

Differentiate between asthma and COPD

Answer 5

Asthma: for young ones < 20 yrs
: history of eczema and hay
fever
: family history of asthma
: intermittent attacks
: worse at night or early
morning
: beta 2 agonist

COPD: for elder people > 40 yrs
: smoking ,
: worse along time
: frequent coughing, before
breathlessness

Question 6

Chronic management of COPD w

Answer 6

exercise
chest physiotherapy
smoking cessation

Question 7

acute exacerbation of COPD

Answer 7

his is an emergency recognised by various combinations of: * wheeze
* breathlessness
* tightness of the chest * respiratory distress
* cough
* Bronchospasm is partially reversible with COPD

Question 8

which drugs are required for acute exacerbations?

Answer 8

Oral corticosteroids:
Prednisone, oral, 30mg daily for 5 days

Note: Oral corticosteroids may be required for acute exacerbations,
but these have severe long-term complications and should only be
used long-term if benefit has been proven by lung function testing

Question 9

Indications for antibiotic therapy in COPD

Answer 9

Acute infective exacerbation of chronic bronchitis: * Amoxicillin, oral, for 5 days.
Severe penicillin allergy: * Doxycycline, oral, for 5 days

Question 10

In first step if SABA: salbutamol cant control we add? confirned with spirometry

Answer 10

LABA: Formoterol

Question 11

or SABA doesnt we ADD ? If spirometry is not availavle

Answer 11

LABA + CORTISTEROID

fluticasone and salmeterol

Question 12

Drugs that interact with protease inhibitors

Answer 12

Fluticasone and budesonide interacts with protease inhibitors.

Question 13

how to manage COPD

Answer 13

Prophylaxis against respiratory tract infections: * Influenza vaccination, annually