Drugs (theraputic and of abuse) and Toxins Flashcards
What is Minimum Effective Concentration (MEC)?
Lowest concentration of a drug to produce desired effect
What is Minimum Toxic Concentration (MT)?
Lowest concentration of a drug in blood that will produce adverse response
What is the Therapeutic Index?
Ratio of MTC to MEC
What is Trough?
Lowest concentration of drug measured just before next dose
What is Peak?
Highest concentration in blood, drawn immediately on steady state
What is Steady State?
Amount of drug absorbed and distributed = amount of drug metabolized & excreted
After 5-7 half lives
What is Pharmacokinetics?
Rates of absorption, distribution, biotransformation and excretion
What are Therapeutic Drug groups?
Analgesics, Antiepileptics, antineoplastics, Antibiotics, Cardioactives, Psychoactives, Immunosuppressants
What is the analytic method for Ethanol?
Gas Chromatography
What is the analytic method for Carbon Monoxide?
Differential spectrophotometry (co-oximeter), Gas Chromatography
What is the analytic method for Arsenic and Lead?
Atomic absorption
What is the analytic method for Pesticides?
Measurement of serum pseudocholinesterase
What are the routinely tested Drugs of Abuse?
Amphetamine, Barbiturates, Benzodiazepines, Cannabinoids, Cocaine, Methadone, Opiates, Phencyclidine, Tricyclic antidepressants
What indicates Adulterated urine in Drugs of Abuse testing?
Values outside physiological range
ex:
- pH <3 or >11
- Nitrite > 500
- Presence of chromium, halogens, glutaraldehyde, pyridine, or surfactant
What indicates Substituted urine?
Values that aren’t consistent with normal human urine
ex:
- Creatinine <2 mg/dL
- s.g. < 1.0010 or > 1.0030
What is Diluted urine?
Creatinine and SG lower than expected
- Creatinine >2 but < 20
- SG >1.0010 but < 1.0030
What is the test method for Drugs of Abuse?
Immunoassay
