Chemistry - Acid-Base

Question 1

What is the formula for pH?

Answer 1

pH is equal to -Log[H+]

Question 2

What regulates bicarbonate?

Answer 2

Bicarbonate is regulated by Kidneys

Question 3

What regulates carbonic acid?

Answer 3

Carbonic acid is regulated by Lungs

Question 4

How is carbonic acid calculated?

Answer 4

Carbonic acid is equal to pCO2 x 0.03

Question 5

What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?

Answer 5

pH = 6.1 + log [HCO3]/[pCO2] x 0.03

Question 6

What is the normal HCO3- to pCO2 ratio?

Answer 6

Normal HCO3- to pCO2 ratio is 20:1

Question 7

What characterizes Respiratory Acidosis?

Answer 7

↓ pH, ↑ pCO2, N HCO3-

Question 8

How do kidneys compensate for Respiratory Acidosis?

Answer 8

Kidneys retain HCO3- and excrete H+

Question 9

What characterizes Metabolic Acidosis?

Answer 9

↓ pH, N pCO2, ↓ HCO3-

Question 10

How does the body compensate for Metabolic Acidosis?

Answer 10

Hyperventilation (blow off CO2)

Question 11

What characterizes Respiratory Alkalosis?

Answer 11

↑ pH, ↓ pCO2, N HCO3-

Question 12

How do kidneys compensate for Respiratory Alkalosis?

Answer 12

Kidneys excrete HCO3 and retain H+

Question 13

What characterizes Metabolic Alkalosis?

Answer 13

↑ pH, N pCO2, ↑ HCO3

Question 14

How does the body compensate for Metabolic Alkalosis?

Answer 14

Hypoventilation (retain CO2)

Question 15

What is the effect of Hyperventilation on pCO2, pH, and pO2?

Answer 15

↓ pCO2, ↑ pH, ↑ pO2

Question 16

What is the effect of a specimen exposed to air?

Answer 16

↓ pCO2, ↑ pH, ↑ pO2

Question 17

What happens to a specimen at RT > 30 min?

Answer 17

↑ pCO2, ↓ pH, ↓ pO2