Drugs of abuse Flashcards
Dependence formerly called :physical dependence now called
withdrawal syndrome –tremors or other physical symptoms
Addiction (psychological dependence )
knowing a drug is harmful but keeping on using it
Tolerance
increase dose to maintain effect – pharmokinetic -increase metabolism
Pharmodynamic - decrease receptors
Main areas in addiction
Nucleus accumbent
VTA
Most drugs of abuse don’t interact with dopaminergic neurons directly but
indirectly
Class 1
opioids, THC, GHB, GPCRs
Class 2
benzos , nicotine, ethanol,
Class 3
cocaine, amphetamine, ecstasy, transporters.
LSD
serotonergic transmission
Ketamine
general anesthetic -blocks NMDA –disscociative anesthetics
Drugs interacting with Gi0-coupled receptors
Morhine Heroin Oxycodone Codeine Naloxone Methadone Buprenorphine
Prodrug of morphine
heroin —activated by cleaving an ester
Morhine , heroin, codeine, oxytocin’s codone, methadone, naloxone, buprenorphine withdrawals are all
bad, usually not lethal
Opioids have a depressive effect , so when combined with alcohol or benzos could
lead to medullary depression
How to treat opioid addiction
slowly titrate the does down .. methadone and buprenorphine
Opioid overdose treatment
naloxone when patient is unconscious
problem with naloxone
induces withdrawal symptoms
Drug activating cannabinoids receptors
THC
Canabioids receptors work through GPCRs specifically
CB1 and CB2, but CB1 causes the addictive effects
THC is an agonist of
CB1 receptor
Epilepsy can be treated with molecules isolated from cannabis such as
dronabinol or nabilone
Mescaline
similar to LDS or Psilocybin
Agonist of 5HT2 receptors
Nicotine
ionotropicn receptors
Buproprion
used to help depression but also to quit smoking . Works in nicotinic receptors.
Barbs and benzos
these bind to benzo receptors
these have bad dangerous withdrawal symptoms
- if stopping cold turkey then they can induce over stimulating activity resulting in epilepsy
Treatment includes Flumazenil
w/d Treatment .. I.V diazepam
Ethanol
works on ionotropicn receptors
Disulfuram
blocks acetylaldehyde dehydrogenase
Other drugs that can be used to treat Alcohol w/d
naloxone
diazepam
Acamprosate
used to treat EtOH addiction , but mechanisms not fully known
Amphetamine
binds to biogenic amine transporters
increased dopamine and noradrenaline
w/d= feeling down , depressed ,
Can cause tachy, HTN, Hyperthermia
Cocaine
template for certain anesthetics
Receptors: voltage gated Na channels . also interacts with dopamine transporters. It is a dopamine reuptake inhibitor, so it increases the dopamine.
