Drugs of abuse

Question 1

Dependence formerly called :physical dependence now called

Answer 1

withdrawal syndrome –tremors or other physical symptoms

Question 2

Addiction (psychological dependence )

Answer 2

knowing a drug is harmful but keeping on using it

Question 3

Tolerance

Answer 3

increase dose to maintain effect – pharmokinetic -increase metabolism

Pharmodynamic - decrease receptors

Question 4

Main areas in addiction

Answer 4

Nucleus accumbent

VTA

Question 5

Most drugs of abuse don’t interact with dopaminergic neurons directly but

Answer 5

indirectly

Question 6

Class 1

Answer 6

opioids, THC, GHB, GPCRs

Question 7

Class 2

Answer 7

benzos , nicotine, ethanol,

Question 8

Class 3

Answer 8

cocaine, amphetamine, ecstasy, transporters.

Question 9

LSD

Answer 9

serotonergic transmission

Question 10

Ketamine

Answer 10

general anesthetic -blocks NMDA –disscociative anesthetics

Question 11

Drugs interacting with Gi0-coupled receptors

Answer 11

Morhine 
Heroin 
Oxycodone 
Codeine 
Naloxone 
Methadone 
Buprenorphine

Question 12

Prodrug of morphine

Answer 12

heroin —activated by cleaving an ester

Question 13

Morhine , heroin, codeine, oxytocin’s codone, methadone, naloxone, buprenorphine withdrawals are all

Answer 13

bad, usually not lethal

Question 14

Opioids have a depressive effect , so when combined with alcohol or benzos could

Answer 14

lead to medullary depression

Question 15

How to treat opioid addiction

Answer 15

slowly titrate the does down .. methadone and buprenorphine

Question 16

Opioid overdose treatment

Answer 16

naloxone when patient is unconscious

Question 17

problem with naloxone

Answer 17

induces withdrawal symptoms

Question 18

Drug activating cannabinoids receptors

Answer 18

THC

Question 19

Canabioids receptors work through GPCRs specifically

Answer 19

CB1 and CB2, but CB1 causes the addictive effects

Question 20

THC is an agonist of

Answer 20

CB1 receptor

Question 21

Epilepsy can be treated with molecules isolated from cannabis such as

Answer 21

dronabinol or nabilone

Question 22

Mescaline

Answer 22

similar to LDS or Psilocybin

Agonist of 5HT2 receptors

Question 23

Nicotine

Answer 23

ionotropicn receptors

Question 24

Buproprion

Answer 24

used to help depression but also to quit smoking . Works in nicotinic receptors.

Question 25

Barbs and benzos

Answer 25

these bind to benzo receptors

these have bad dangerous withdrawal symptoms

• if stopping cold turkey then they can induce over stimulating activity resulting in epilepsy

Treatment includes Flumazenil

w/d Treatment .. I.V diazepam

Question 26

Ethanol

Answer 26

works on ionotropicn receptors

Question 27

Disulfuram

Answer 27

blocks acetylaldehyde dehydrogenase

Question 28

Other drugs that can be used to treat Alcohol w/d

Answer 28

naloxone

diazepam

Question 29

Acamprosate

Answer 29

used to treat EtOH addiction , but mechanisms not fully known

Question 30

Amphetamine

Answer 30

binds to biogenic amine transporters

increased dopamine and noradrenaline

w/d= feeling down , depressed ,

Can cause tachy, HTN, Hyperthermia

Question 31

Cocaine

Answer 31

template for certain anesthetics

Receptors: voltage gated Na channels . also interacts with dopamine transporters. It is a dopamine reuptake inhibitor, so it increases the dopamine.