Autonomic pharm Flashcards
All preganglionic neurons are
Ach – synapsing on nicotininc
Craniosacral
para
Thoracolumbar
symp
Post ganglionic of para
Ach – muscarinic
Parasympathetic organs
cardiac .. SM.. gland cells ,, nerve terminals
Controlled by Ach muscarinic
Para post ganglionic
these are cholinergic that releases Ach that interacts with muscarininc receptors .. Cardiac ..SM .. glands .. nerve terminals
Sympathetic post ganglionic
these are monoamine neurons mostly releasing NE and some dopamine.
Para has long neurons in the
pre
Para has short neurons in the
post
Sympathetic has short neurons in the
pre
Sympathetic has long neurons
in post
Cardiac and SM, gland cells , nerve terminals in parasympathetc innervated by
Ach– muscarinic
Sweat glands in sympathetic are innervated by
Ach M
Cardiac and smooth muscle, gland cells and nerve terminals in sympathetic innervated by
NE alpha and beta
Renal vascular and SM in sympathetic are innervated by
NE and D
alpha and D1
Adrenal medulla
Epi, NE
Somatic skeletal muscle
Ach N
Enteric nervous system
Controls GI
myenteric plexus
submucous plexus
NE can act as
locally or a hormone
Certain drugs such as Hemicholiniums can do what ?
Affect the transport of choline, but its not used in clinic s cause it would react with other things.
Ach choline synthesis requires
choline and AcCoA
After Ach is synthesized, it is stored in vesicles, but it has to to be what ?
transported into those vesicles
The vesicles that Ach are transported into
Have protein transporters which are responsible for transporting Ach from the cytoplasm into the vesicles. But, there are drugs that can block this process, so if the molecule is not being stored, it will be excreted by the presynaptic.
Drugs that block the Ach transporters are
Extacy and Amphetamines
In order to excrete molecules, Ca is required. There are molecules that prevent degranulation of these vesicles, such as
Botulinum Toxin
Botulinium Toxin only acts where
on cholinergic neurons. It interacts with receptors on the surface of cholinergic neurons to prevent degranulation.
Bot Toxin prevents degranulation how
- Gets transported into the cell via endocytosis ‘
2. Prevents association of proteins on vesicles with the neural cell membrane.
Bot tox does not do what ?
Cross the BBB
BOt toxin block sweat glands because they are
muscarininc innervated by Ach neurons.
After degrenulation, Ach interacts with its receptors
miscairininc and inotropic
Term for agonist
cholinomimetics
term for antagonist or deactivator
cholinolytics
Excess Ach
Choline can be recycled and then there is also acetate
NE and dopamine are synthesized from
AA and are transported into the cell by transporters
regarding NE and Dopa mine .. compare their storage to Ach
Similar to Ach, these NT are stored in vesicles and there is active transport involved from the cytoplasm to the vesicles. works by calcium dependent degranulation. Proteins associate with cell membranes to degranulate.
Excess of NE and dop are being degraded differently than Ach … how ?
They are actively transported back to the presynaptic (reuptake). Knowing this mechanism of reuptake is often used in treating depression.
How to increase adrenergic transmission?
Find drugs that can interact with enzymes involved in the metabolism of monoamines. Such as :
- MAO-A and B inhibitors and COMT inhibitors. If these enzymes are inhibited, it will increase neural transmission.
Two types of receptors that respond to nicotine.
Nicotinic- 5 subunits around the pore for opening of Na and Ca ions. Ach binds at alpha, so if the receptor is homomeric and nicotine binds, they are all alpha.
Muscarinic - GPCRs receptors 5 subtypes associated with G proteins. Depending on the type of G protein, it might use different second messengers, such as cAMP, DAG, or IP3.
Which drug effects DAG and IP3
Lithium
In terms of adrenergic receptors of the sympathetic nervous system .. which types
All are metabotropic… there are alpha and beta. There are two major types of alpha receptor .. alpha one and alpha two and at least three types of beta receptors.
