Autonomic pharm

Question 1

All preganglionic neurons are

Answer 1

Ach – synapsing on nicotininc

Question 2

Craniosacral

Answer 2

para

Question 3

Thoracolumbar

Answer 3

symp

Question 4

Post ganglionic of para

Answer 4

Ach – muscarinic

Question 5

Parasympathetic organs

Answer 5

cardiac .. SM.. gland cells ,, nerve terminals

Controlled by Ach muscarinic

Question 6

Para post ganglionic

Answer 6

these are cholinergic that releases Ach that interacts with muscarininc receptors .. Cardiac ..SM .. glands .. nerve terminals

Question 7

Sympathetic post ganglionic

Answer 7

these are monoamine neurons mostly releasing NE and some dopamine.

Question 8

Para has long neurons in the

Answer 8

pre

Question 9

Para has short neurons in the

Answer 9

post

Question 10

Sympathetic has short neurons in the

Answer 10

pre

Question 11

Sympathetic has long neurons

Answer 11

in post

Question 12

Cardiac and SM, gland cells , nerve terminals in parasympathetc innervated by

Answer 12

Ach– muscarinic

Question 13

Sweat glands in sympathetic are innervated by

Answer 13

Ach M

Question 14

Cardiac and smooth muscle, gland cells and nerve terminals in sympathetic innervated by

Answer 14

NE alpha and beta

Question 15

Renal vascular and SM in sympathetic are innervated by

Answer 15

NE and D

alpha and D1

Question 16

Adrenal medulla

Answer 16

Epi, NE

Question 17

Somatic skeletal muscle

Answer 17

Ach N

Question 18

Enteric nervous system

Answer 18

Controls GI

myenteric plexus

submucous plexus

Question 19

NE can act as

Answer 19

locally or a hormone

Question 20

Certain drugs such as Hemicholiniums can do what ?

Answer 20

Affect the transport of choline, but its not used in clinic s cause it would react with other things.

Question 21

Ach choline synthesis requires

Answer 21

choline and AcCoA

Question 22

After Ach is synthesized, it is stored in vesicles, but it has to to be what ?

Answer 22

transported into those vesicles

Question 23

The vesicles that Ach are transported into

Answer 23

Have protein transporters which are responsible for transporting Ach from the cytoplasm into the vesicles. But, there are drugs that can block this process, so if the molecule is not being stored, it will be excreted by the presynaptic.

Question 24

Drugs that block the Ach transporters are

Answer 24

Extacy and Amphetamines

Question 25

In order to excrete molecules, Ca is required. There are molecules that prevent degranulation of these vesicles, such as

Answer 25

Botulinum Toxin

Question 26

Botulinium Toxin only acts where

Answer 26

on cholinergic neurons. It interacts with receptors on the surface of cholinergic neurons to prevent degranulation.

Question 27

Bot Toxin prevents degranulation how

Answer 27

1. Gets transported into the cell via endocytosis ‘

2. Prevents association of proteins on vesicles with the neural cell membrane.

Question 28

Bot tox does not do what ?

Answer 28

Cross the BBB

Question 29

BOt toxin block sweat glands because they are

Answer 29

muscarininc innervated by Ach neurons.

Question 30

After degrenulation, Ach interacts with its receptors

Answer 30

miscairininc and inotropic

Question 31

Term for agonist

Answer 31

cholinomimetics

Question 32

term for antagonist or deactivator

Answer 32

cholinolytics

Question 33

Excess Ach

Answer 33

Choline can be recycled and then there is also acetate

Question 34

NE and dopamine are synthesized from

Answer 34

AA and are transported into the cell by transporters

Question 35

regarding NE and Dopa mine .. compare their storage to Ach

Answer 35

Similar to Ach, these NT are stored in vesicles and there is active transport involved from the cytoplasm to the vesicles. works by calcium dependent degranulation. Proteins associate with cell membranes to degranulate.

Question 36

Excess of NE and dop are being degraded differently than Ach … how ?

Answer 36

They are actively transported back to the presynaptic (reuptake). Knowing this mechanism of reuptake is often used in treating depression.

Question 37

How to increase adrenergic transmission?

Answer 37

Find drugs that can interact with enzymes involved in the metabolism of monoamines. Such as :

1. MAO-A and B inhibitors and COMT inhibitors. If these enzymes are inhibited, it will increase neural transmission.

Question 38

Two types of receptors that respond to nicotine.

Answer 38

Nicotinic- 5 subunits around the pore for opening of Na and Ca ions. Ach binds at alpha, so if the receptor is homomeric and nicotine binds, they are all alpha.

Muscarinic - GPCRs receptors 5 subtypes associated with G proteins. Depending on the type of G protein, it might use different second messengers, such as cAMP, DAG, or IP3.

Question 39

Which drug effects DAG and IP3

Answer 39

Lithium

Question 40

In terms of adrenergic receptors of the sympathetic nervous system .. which types

Answer 40

All are metabotropic… there are alpha and beta. There are two major types of alpha receptor .. alpha one and alpha two and at least three types of beta receptors.