Drugs List Block 10

Question 1

Acetazolemide

Answer 1

Block carbonic anyhydrase
Increased nahco3 secretion
Affects pct

Question 2

Mannitol

Answer 2

Osmotic diuretic
Increased water secretion in loop of henle
Naturally present in diet
filtered by the glomeruli with less than 10% tubular reabsorption. So its urinary excretion rate may serve as a measurement of GFR

Question 3

Chloratidone

Answer 3

inhibits sodium ion transport in ascending limb of the loop of Henle.
By increasing the delivery of sodium it indirectly increases potassium excretion via the sodium-potassium exchange mechanism.

Question 4

Furosemide

Answer 4

Inhibits na/k/cl transporter in ascending limb of loop of henle
Increased water potassium and chlorine secretion
Inhibits sodium absorption so water retained
very potent diuretic.

Question 5

Bendroflumethiazide

Answer 5

Inhibits na-cl transporter in dct
Increased nacl excretion
Increased potassium excretion
its antihypertensive mechanism is less well understood. It may act or mediate
1) inhibiting carbonic anhydrases in the smooth muscle
2) activating the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (KCa) channel, in the smooth muscle.

Question 6

Spironolactone

Answer 6

Inhibits aldosterone receptor in dct
Increased salt excretion
Reduced potassium excretion

Question 7

Doxasozin

Answer 7

Doxazosin is a selective inhibitor of the alpha1 adrenergic receptors
used to treat hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia.
inhibits on vascular smooth muscle, blocking the vasoconstrictor effect of circulating catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine).

Question 8

Pethidine

Answer 8

for relief of moderate to severe acute pain. onset of action is faster than morphine, but shorter duration
kappa-opiate receptor agonist with local anesthetic effects.
decrease intracellular cAMP by inhibiting adenylate Cyclase
close voltage-operated calcium channels reduced neuronal excitability.

Question 9

Cisplatin

Answer 9

alkylating agent used to treat cancer

1) Attachment of alkyl groups to DNA bases, resulting in the DNA fragmentation, and preventing DNA synthesis or RNA transcription from the affected DNA.
2) DNA damage via cross-linking prevents DNA separation for synthesis or transcription.
3) Induction of nucleotide mispairing leading to mutations.

Question 10

Methotrexate

Answer 10

Methotrexate inhibits folic acid reductase which converts folic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid which is required for both purines and pyrimidine biosynthesis, DNA synthesis cannot proceed due to a lack of purine and pyramidines. Affects fast dividing cells
at low dose in the management of severe, active, classical, or definite rheumatoid arthritis.