Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Use and Abuse > Drugs in Surgery and Sport > Flashcards

Drugs in Surgery and Sport Flashcards

1
Q

What were the problems with early surgery?

A

There was no anaesthetic except alcohol, which can kill or make people lose consciousness with low doses, and no aseptic technique, leading to post-operative infection being common
(Lecture 3, Slide 7)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Who controls drugs in surgery?

A

Anaesthetist
(Lecture 3, Slide 11)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What types of drugs are used in surgery?

A

The anaesthetic and any adjuncts (supplements) to it.
(Lecture 3, Slide 11)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 2 differences between general and local anaesthetics?

A

General anaesthetic is administered by inhalation or injection whereas local is only administered by localised injection.
Local anaesthetic produces localised loss of sensation where general anaesthetic results in unconsciousness.
(Lecture 3, Slide 12)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When are adjuncts to anaesthesia used?

A

Pre-mediation (given in the ward or preparatory site)
During surgical procedure
Recovery room
(Lecture 3, Slide 13)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 5 types of Pre-operative drugs?

A

Narcotic analgesics (Opioids)
Anxiolytics
Hypnotics
Sedatives
Anticholinergics (antimuscarinics)
Remember using NAHSA (NASA)
(Lecture 3, Slide 15)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do Hypnotic pre-op drugs do?

A

Encourage sleep.
(Lecture 3, Slide 15)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do Anxiolytics pre-op drugs do?

A

Reduce anxiety.
(Lecture 3, Slide 15)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do Opioid pre-op drugs do?

A

Act as a pain killer and sedative.
(Lecture 3, Slide 16)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do Anticholinergic pre-op drugs do?

A

Block muscarinic effects of acetylcholine and dry bronchial secretions.
(Lecture 3, Slide 16)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is stage 1 of anaesthesia?

A

Analgesia
(Lecture 3, Slide 19)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is stage 2 of anaesthesia?

A

Delirium
(Lecture 3, Slide 19)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the risks of stage 2 of anaesthesia (Delirium)?

A

Risk of muscle damage and vomiting.
(Lecture 3, Slide 19)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is stage 3 of anaesthesia?

A

Surgical
(Lecture 3, Slide 19)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What occurs in stage 3 of anaesthesia (Surgical)

A

Progressive loss of reflexes, slow down of cardiovascular and respiratory responses.
(Lecture 3, Slide 19)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is stage 4 of anaesthesia?

A

Medullary paralysis.
(Lecture 3, Slide 19)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What occurs in stage 4 of anaesthesia?

A

Cardiovascular and respiratory collapse.
(Lecture 3, Slide 19)

18
Q

Where are Intravenous anaesthetics administered into?

A

A Vein.
(Lecture 3, Slide 20)

19
Q

What are some features of Intravenous anaesthetics?

A

Rapid action with a short duration, used to induce anaesthesia.
(Lecture 3, Slide 20)

20
Q

What is the stage 2 of intravenous anaesthetics?

A

They don’t have a stage 2.
(Lecture 3, Slide 20)

21
Q

Is the patient unconscious or conscious after taking Spinal anaesthesia?

A

Conscious.
(Lecture 3, Slide 23)

22
Q

Are spinal anaesthetics local or general?

A

Local.
(Lecture 3, Slide 23)

23
Q

What are 3 types of adjuncts are used during surgery?

A

Muscle relaxants, blood pressure modulators and Antiarrhythmics.
(Lecture 3, Slide 25)

24
Q

Where do Muscle Reactants act?

A

At neuromuscular junctions.
(Lecture 3, Slide 26)

25
Q

Do muscle relaxants effect consciousness?

A

No.
(Lecture 3, Slide 26)

26
Q

What do muscle relaxants require?

A

Mechanical ventilation for breathing
(Lecture 3, Slide 26)

27
Q

What are the 4 Post-operative adjuncts?

A

Analgesic (to remove post-op pain), respiratory stimulants (to reverse anaesthetic induced respiratory depression) , anticholinesterases (to reverse skeletal muscle muscle paralysis) and antibiotics
(Lecture 3, Slide 31)

28
Q

State 3 reasons why athletes dope.

A

They use them to be competitive, and to gain edge, some may use them as they are dissatisfied with their size/weight or due to peer/team pressure.
(Lecture 4, Slide 9)

29
Q

How big of an impact does doping have on performance?

A

Erythropoietin can increase VO2 max (the maximum / optimum rate the heart, lungs and muscles can use oxygen during exercise) by 20%, the difference between a competent club runner and a world class performer.
(Lecture 4, Slide 10)

30
Q

Why is it so hard to define a performing enhancing substance?

A

As drugs that are considered doping can have a wide range of properties such as their socially acceptability and legality.
(Lecture 4, Slide 13)

31
Q

What effects do stimulants result in?

A

Makes you very wide awake and alert, competitive and reactions and heart rate are really fast.
(Lecture 4, Slide 18)

32
Q

What effects do Narcotic analgesics result in the athletic being able to do?

A

Able to play with an injury without feeling pain.
(Lecture 4, Slide 20)

33
Q

What effects do steroids have on the body and why are they used?

A

Gives big muscles and makes you highly aggressive, may result in women growing facial hair. Used for sports that need power and intense training, e.g sprinting or swimming
(Lecture 4, Slide 21)

34
Q

What effect does Diuretics have on the body and why are they used?

A

Urine production is increased to get rid of excess fluid to lose weight. Used in weight category sports e.g boxing or to mask other drugs
(Lecture 4, Slide 25)

35
Q

What effects does Beta-blockers have on the body and why are they used?

A

Makes you very calm and steady, slows heart rate and breathing, Used for concentration sports, e.g archery or shooting
(Lecture 4, Slide 27)

36
Q

What is blood doping and why is it used?

A

A transfusion of blood containing lots of blood cells
It is used to increase oxygen carrying ability to have an advantage in endurance events.
(Lecture 4, Slide 29)

37
Q

When is blood usually taken for blood doping?

A

from the individual during altitude training or when blood has been treated.
(Lecture 4, Slide 29)

38
Q

What effect does human growth hormone (HGH) have on the body and what is it used for?

A

Encourages muscle growth and prevents fatigue and is used for events requiring power and strength.
(Lecture 4, Slide 31)

39
Q

What is a possible downside of taking performance enhancing drugs?

A

Possible side effects, which can range from minor to very severe.
(Lecture 4, Slide 34)

40
Q

How is the used of drugs controlled in sports?

A

Each sport has it’s own international sports federation, that make rules about doping, and the International Olympic Committee (IOC) also has rules on doping.
(Lecture 4, Slide 38)

41
Q

What happens to athletes if they are caught doping?

A

They are banned from the sport and lose sponsors, even for mistakes
(Lecture 4, Slide 38)

42
Q

What 3 ways does the government regulate doping?

A

Anti-doping treaties,
Statue (Such as Misuse of drugs act)
Application of constitutional and common law rights
(Lecture 4, Slide 39)

Use and Abuse (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions