Drugs in Surgery and Sport Flashcards
What were the problems with early surgery?
There was no anaesthetic except alcohol, which can kill or make people lose consciousness with low doses, and no aseptic technique, leading to post-operative infection being common
(Lecture 3, Slide 7)
Who controls drugs in surgery?
Anaesthetist
(Lecture 3, Slide 11)
What types of drugs are used in surgery?
The anaesthetic and any adjuncts (supplements) to it.
(Lecture 3, Slide 11)
What are the 2 differences between general and local anaesthetics?
General anaesthetic is administered by inhalation or injection whereas local is only administered by localised injection.
Local anaesthetic produces localised loss of sensation where general anaesthetic results in unconsciousness.
(Lecture 3, Slide 12)
When are adjuncts to anaesthesia used?
Pre-mediation (given in the ward or preparatory site)
During surgical procedure
Recovery room
(Lecture 3, Slide 13)
What are the 5 types of Pre-operative drugs?
Narcotic analgesics (Opioids)
Anxiolytics
Hypnotics
Sedatives
Anticholinergics (antimuscarinics)
Remember using NAHSA (NASA)
(Lecture 3, Slide 15)
What do Hypnotic pre-op drugs do?
Encourage sleep.
(Lecture 3, Slide 15)
What do Anxiolytics pre-op drugs do?
Reduce anxiety.
(Lecture 3, Slide 15)
What do Opioid pre-op drugs do?
Act as a pain killer and sedative.
(Lecture 3, Slide 16)
What do Anticholinergic pre-op drugs do?
Block muscarinic effects of acetylcholine and dry bronchial secretions.
(Lecture 3, Slide 16)
What is stage 1 of anaesthesia?
Analgesia
(Lecture 3, Slide 19)
What is stage 2 of anaesthesia?
Delirium
(Lecture 3, Slide 19)
What are the risks of stage 2 of anaesthesia (Delirium)?
Risk of muscle damage and vomiting.
(Lecture 3, Slide 19)
What is stage 3 of anaesthesia?
Surgical
(Lecture 3, Slide 19)
What occurs in stage 3 of anaesthesia (Surgical)
Progressive loss of reflexes, slow down of cardiovascular and respiratory responses.
(Lecture 3, Slide 19)
What is stage 4 of anaesthesia?
Medullary paralysis.
(Lecture 3, Slide 19)