Drugs for Heart Failure Flashcards
Type of failure where the weakened heart muscle can’t squeeze as well and less blood is pumped out of ventricles
Systolic heart failure
Type of heart failure where the heart muscle is stiff/can’t relax and less blood fills the ventricles
Diastolic heart failure
Heart Failure class I
mild-no limitation of activity
Heart failure Class II
mild-slight limitation, ordinary physical activity results in fatigue, palpitation, or dyspnoea
Heart Failure Class III
Moderate-Marked limitation, less than ordinary activity causes fatigue, palpitation.dyspnoae
Class IV heart failure
Severe-unable to do any physical activity without discomfort, uncomfortable at rest.
Depolarization of the cardiac myocyte leads to operning of the
voltage gated Ca++ channels
Ca influx activates___?
Ryanodine receptors
____ drugs alter the force or energy of muscular contractions.
Inotropic
Negative inotropes ____ the force
weaken
Postive Inotropes ____ the force
Increase
_____ drugs may change the heart rate by affecting the nerves controlling the heart or by changing the rhythm produced by the sinoatrial node.
Chronotropic
____ chronotropes increase heart rate
Positive
____ chronotropes decrease heart rate
Negative
Cardiac Glycosides (digoxin), B adrenergic receptor agonists, bipyridines are all examples of
Positive Inotropic drugs
B adrenergic receptor blockers, diuretics, angiotensin converting enzymes inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, aldosterone receptor antagonists, vasoldilators are all ____
Drugs with positive inotropic effects used to treat heart failure
Mechanism of action for Digoxin
Blocks Na+/K+ ATTPase- internal sodium increases which slows the Na/Ca exchanger, slowing removal of Ca.
Domutamine is a
B1-adrenergic receptor agonist
T/F All B blockers are effective for B-adrenergic receptor antagonists to treat heart failure
False-Bucindolol is not effective
Thiazide is a
diuretic
91% of patients with heart disease also have
periodontitis
angina is caused from
the heart not receiving enough oxygen from the blood
Nitrates/nitrites, B-adrenergic receptor blockers, Ca channel blockers, aspirin, antiplatelet, and anticoagulant drugs, ranolazine are all drugs used to treat ____
angina
All organic nitrates/nitrites are prodrugs that spontaneously produce
Nitric oxide
Nitric oxide ultimately activates ____
Protein Kinase G
Protein Kinase G activation leads to
smooth muscle relaxation
adverse effects of nitrates/nitrites
Headache, hypotention, facial flushing and tachycardia
Beta blockers cause
Decreased HR, O2 demand, contractility
Ca channel blockers cause
Decreased HR, O2 demand, contractility,
Nitrates, Ca blockers, Beta blockers are all used to treat
Angina
Nitrates and Ca blockers are
Vasodilators
Ca blockers and Beta blockers are
Cardiac depressants
