Diuretics Flashcards
What ion does water follow in the kidneys?
Sodium
what does carbonic anhydrase do in the kidneys?
Brings Na and HCO3 back into the blood- brings water out of urine into blood-results in higher blood pressure
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors do what?
keep water from being reabsorbed and decreases blood pressure
Osmotic diuretics work how?
fill the urine with substances, makes water follow it-to the urine and increases urine output
osmotic diuretics are given how?
Intravenously
loop diuretics block what?
transporter that resorbs sodium and chloride. Results in increased urine output
Where do loop diuretics take action?
in the ascending loop of Henle
What are some diuretics that are high allergy drugs?
Sulfonamides (which are loop diuretics)
Thiazide diuretics take place where?
In the distal convoluted tubule
Thiazide diuretics work on what?
Symporter of NaCl
Thiazide and loop diuretics affect which ion that needs to be monitored?
potassium
K+ sparing diuretics work how
Na channel that brings Na back into blood OR antagonist of the aldosterone receptor.
Which diuretics are used as adjunctive therapy?
Potassium sparing diuretics
systolic is the higher/lower number
higher
diastolic number is the higher/lower number
lower
sympathetic nerves adjust what to regulate vasoconstriction, heart beat and cardiac output/
Catacholamines
what enzyme cuts angiotensinogen?
Renin
What converts angiotensin 1 to angiotensin II?
ACE
angiotensin results in?
Increases blood pressure
angiotensin acts on the adrenal gland to release what?
Aldosterone
4 types of drugs to treat hypertension
- diuretics
- Sympathoplegic agents
- direct vasodilators
- block angiotensin II production or activity
thiazide diuretics are used for
mild to moderate hypertension
sympathoplegic agents activate which receptor?
a2 recepotrs in the CNS-reduce cardiac output; reduce release of epinephrine from sympathetic nerve endings
block B1 receptors
no longer the most popular way to treat high BP, they diminish cardiac output and diminish renin production
4 kinds of vasodilators
nitric oxide, reduce Ca influx to smooth muscle, hyperpolarization of smooth muscle, activation of dopamine receptors
ACE inhibitors work on ?
inhibition of formation of angiotensin II (also degrade bradykinin)
pril ending means a drug is a what?
ACE inhibitor
sartan or saran suffix means what type of drug?
block AT1 receptor-
