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Pharmacology > Drugs for Allergy and Asthma > Flashcards

Drugs for Allergy and Asthma Flashcards

1
Q

Beta-2 Agonst MOA

A

Stimulate adenylyl cyclase causing ↑ of cAMP resulting in bronchodilation and also inhibits release of mediators from mast cells

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2
Q

Beta-2 Agonist ROA

A
  1. Inhalation
  2. Oral
  3. SC (Terbutaline)
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3
Q

Beta-2 Agonist Clinical Use

A

Symptom relief of bronchospasm in acute asthma attacks

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4
Q

Beta-2 Agonist SE

A
  1. Skeletal muscle tremors
  2. Tachycardia
  3. Anxiety, restlessness, apprehension
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5
Q

Theophylline MOA

A
  1. Inhibits cAMP phosphodiesterases causing ↑ of cAMP

2. Competitive antagonist at adenosine receptors

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6
Q

Theophylline ROA

A
  1. Oral

2. Slow IV over 40 mins

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7
Q

Theophylline Clinical Use

A

Maintenance therapy for chronic asthma - rarely used though due to SE

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8
Q

Theophylline SE

A
  1. Narrow therapeutic window
  2. Convulsions
  3. Tachycardia
  4. Circulatory collapse
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9
Q

Ipratropium MOA

A

Competitively blocks the muscarinic receptors in the airways

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10
Q

Ipratropium ROA

A
  1. Inhalation
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11
Q

Ipratropium Clinical Use

A

Alone or in combination with beta-2 adrenergic agonists in acute asthma

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12
Q

Ipratropium SE

A

Minimal, if dosage is to high may cause atropine like effects

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13
Q

Corticosteroids MOA

A

Reduce the synthesis of arachidonic acid by phospholipase A2 which inhibits the release of leukotrienes and prostaglandins

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14
Q

Corticosteroids ROA

A
  1. Inhalation
  2. Oral
  3. IV
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15
Q

Corticosteroids Clinical Use

A

Maintenance therapy for chronic asthma

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16
Q

Corticosteroids SE

A
  1. Short term- increaesd energy, insomnia, hunger, agitation and mood alterations
  2. Long term- osteoporosis, cataracts, myopathy, hypothalamic – pituitary adrenal axis suppression, depression
17
Q

Cromolyn MOA

A

Decrease in the release of mediators such as histamine and leukotrienes

18
Q

Cromolyn ROA

A

Inhalation

19
Q

Cromolyn Clinical Use

A

Prophylactic therapy for preventing bronchospasm

20
Q

Cromolyn SE

A

Occasional coughing

21
Q

Zafirlukast and Montelukast MOA

A
  1. Antagonist at the LTD4 leukotriene receptor

2. The LTE4 receptor is also blocked

22
Q

Zafirlukast and Montelukast ROA

A

Oral

23
Q

Zafirlukast and Montelukast Clinical Use

A

Prophylactic therapy for preventing bronchospasm

24
Q

Zafirlukast and Montelukast SE

A
  1. Headache

2. Nausea

25
Q

Zileuton MOA

A

Inhibits 5- lipooxygenase to decrease production of leukotrienes

26
Q

Zileuton ROA

A

Oral

27
Q

Zileuton Clinical Use

A

Prophylactic therapy for preventing bronchospasm

28
Q

Zileuton SE

A

Contraindicated in patients with hepatic disease

29
Q

What is the difference in the pharmokinetics of 1st and 2nd generation antihistamines?

A

1st generation – cause significant sedation. They are lipophilic and cross the blood brain barrier.

􏰉 2nd generation- These were developed to avoid the central nervous system effects. May be associated with weight gain though.

30
Q

What is the first line treatment in patients with nasal rhinitis due to allergy?

A

Glucocorticoid Nasal Sprays

31
Q

What are the 1st generation antihistamines?

A

Diphenhydramine

Chlorpheniramine

32
Q

What are the 2nd generation antihistamines?

A

Fexofenadine
Loratadine
Cetirizine
Doxepin

33
Q

What are some of the short acting beta-2 agonists used in treating asthma?

A
  1. Albuterol (Proventil®)
  2. Terbutaline (Brethaire®)
  3. Metaproterenol (Metaprel®)
  4. Bitolterol (Tornalate®)
34
Q

What are some of the long acting beta-2 agonists?

A
  1. Salmeterol
  2. Formoterol
  3. Vilanterol
35
Q

What are the SE of decongestants?

A
  • hypertension
  • insomnia
  • irritability
  • headache

Pharmacology (74 decks)

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