Antiviral Drugs Flashcards
What are some reasons for the low amount of few approved anti-vitals?
- Requirement for high specificity
- Requirement for low toxicity
- Limited market for highly-specific antivirals
Docosanol MOA
Long‐chain alcohol that may disturb cell membranes and reduce herpes virus entry into cells
Acyclovir MOA
Chain‐terminator with HSV DNA polymerase specificity
Ganciclovir MOA
Chain‐terminator; MOA similar to acyclovir; phosphorylated by viral UL97 kinase
What is the preferred ROA of ganciclovir?
IV
Acyclovir Indications
HSV and Herpes Zoster
Ganciclovir Indications
CMV, HHV6 and 8, and EBV
What is the most serious SE of ganciclovir?
Bone marrow suppression
Foscarnet MOA
Inhibits pyrophosphate binding on viral DNA polymerases
Foscarnet SE
- High nephrotoxicity
- Myelosuppression
- Anemia
Where can foscarnet deposit?
Bones
Pritelivir MOA
Helicase – primase inhibitor that blocks viral DNA replication
Ribavirin MOA
Deplete GTP pools, directly block viral RNA polymerase, introduce catastrophic errors during viral replication, etc.
- It has many actions but leads to the prevention of viral replication
Ribavirin Indications
- HCV
- RSV
Ribavirin SE
Severe hemolytic anemia
Ribavirin Contraindications
Pregnancy
Pegylated Interferon MOA
Stimulates host antiviral immunity
What are the best drugs to use for HCV?
Direct Acting Antivirals
What is the function of NS3/4A in HCV?
Viral protease to cleave translated proteins
What is MOA of the DAA drugs?
- Competitively inhibit viral protease
- Inhibit viral RNA polymerase, allosterically or via chain
Entecavir MOA
Guanosine analog; inhibits viral polymerase
Tenofovir MOA
Adenosine analog; inhibits viral polymerase
Entecavir SE
Lactic acidosis with rebound hepatitis
What type of influenza does amantidine work against?
Only type A influenza
What are some of the SE of amantidine?
Anxiety, disorientation, headache
What class are zanaminivir and oseltamivir?
Neuraminidase Inhibitors
