Drugs And The GI Tract Flashcards
What are the main causes of indigestion and acid reflux
Overeating, spicy food, alcohol, smoking, pregnancy, ulcers, anxiety and stress
What are the main symptoms of gastro-oesophageal of reflux disorder?
Heartburn in the middle of the chest, sour mouth
What is the symptoms of stomach ulcers?
Pain and bleeding
What are the causes of stomach ulcers
Bacterial infections H pylori, NSAIDs Smoking Zollinger- elision syndrome Anxiety and stress
Antacids are liquids or tablet, containing calcium, aluminium and magnesium salts, name a few examples of these drugs and explain how they work to relieve symptoms
Examples are Rennies, Maalox
Act to neutralise the stomach acid, PH is reduced also decreases pepsin activity
Some antacid also have other things added into the medicine for example Asilone and Altacite plus, have simeticone added in, explain what this does on top of neutralising the acid ?
It alters the surface tension of small bubbles of gas which allows the formation of large bubbles which can then be got rid of
Another ingredients that can be added to a antacid is Alginates, give and example of a drug that includes this and explain its mechanism
Example is Gaviscon, Gastrocote and it reacts with gastric juices to form raft that floats on top and protects oesophagus from stomach content
What are the nursing points to remember with antacids ?
Take 1 hr before or after food and 2 hrs between other medication
Monitor electrolytes balance
Sleep of left hand side + shoulders proped up
What are H2 receptors antagonist mechanism of action ?
Block H2 histamine receptors on cells in stomach, which reduce acid production.
Examples of H2 receptor antagonists?
Cimetidine or famotide
Antispasmodic such as dicycloverine reduces intestinal spasm in what ??
Irritable bowel
Antacids relieve?
Dyspepsia (indigestion)
Opioid derivatives may be used to treat
Acute diarrhoea
What Is the proton pump inhibitors mechanism of action ?
It inhibits the the proton pump from pumping H+ ions into the stomach where it would normally combine with Cl and form acid, this doesn’t happen so less acid in stomach
What are the main symptoms of indigestion?
Discomfort or pain in the stomach, bloating, burping, nausea, heartburn
What are the nursing notes to remember with H2 antagonist ?
Work quickly, do you not take at the same time as antacids, usually take before bedtime, check for blood in stool dizziness and headache
What are the nursing notes to remember with PPI’s?
Give 30 mins before food, do not crush or chew, interfere with metabolism of diazepam, warfarin and with absorption of digoxin and ampicillin
Helicobactor pylori is a bacteria that thrives in _____. It causes stomach _______. To treat there is a combination of 2 __________ and something to reduce _________ _________. Eg clarythromycin, amoxicillin and a PPI or H2 antagonist
Acid, ulcers, antibiotics, acid secretion
Nursing notes to remember when giving antibiotics for Helicobactor pylori?
Penicillin allergy- no amoxicillin, clarythromycin + metronidazole may give abnormal taste
Metronidazole- no alcohol
Amoxicillin- diarrhoea
What does NSAIDS stand for ?
Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs
Misoprostol is example of what kind of drugs and what is its mechanism?
Synthetic prostaglandin, that prevents acid production and stimulates muscous release, as NSAIDS inhibts cox which produces prostaglandins
Sulcralfate reacts with acid to form what kind of paste and why does is do this ? + side effects
Sticky thick paste which coats the ulcer, constipation, nausea and vomiting
Antispasmodic act in the _______ to relax the ________ to treat ________ _______ disease and diverticular disease
Intestines, smooth muscle, irritable bowel
Example of drugs used for antispasmodic is ?
Antimuscarinic drugs as they block M1 receptors that normally cause contraction
