Drugs And The Endocrine System Flashcards
In hypothyroidism what isn’t being produced ? And what effect does this have on the CNS, CV system and metabolic rate ?
Thyroid gland is not producing T3 and T4.
CNS- depressed
CV- depressed
Metabolic rate- reduced
What are the symptoms associated with hypothyroidism?
Gain weight, low temp, bradycardia (low HR), hypotension
In hyperthyroidism what is being over produced ? And what effect does this have on the CNS, CV system and metabolic rate ?
Increased T3 and t4
All increased
In hyperthyroidism what are the symptoms?
Anxiety, hypertension, tachycardia (HR), fever-warm, increased appetite but loose weight
Explain why an under active thyroid gland may lead to a Goitre?
Not enough T3 and T4- so not enough iodine, which normally inhibits thyroid releasing hormone (TRH) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) , so these keep being produced, so TSH stimulates thyroid gland to grow = formation of a Goitre
Explain why an overactive thyroid gland may lead to a Goitre?
80% of cases is due to Graves’ disease- autoimmune disease- in which body makes antibodies that bind to TSH receptors, which causes thyroid to produce T3 and T4, which then causes negative feedback to stop TRH but not TSH! So thyroid keeps growing = Goitre
In hyperthyroidism explain some of the situations or treatments which are available
Some undergo remission
Treatments don’t cure; limit iodine intake, long term - surgery or radioactive iodine- which kills cells in thyroid
Which drug is used in hyperthyroidism? And how does it work ?
Carbimazole - inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine, absorbed by the gut converted by liver to active form, excreted in the urine, short half life
What are the side effects of carbimazole?
Nausea, rash, agranulocytosis (dangerous) presents as sores mouth ulcers
In hypothyroidism what treatments can be used ?
Need to give them a supplement/substitute ( thyroxine-levothyroxine T4)
If severe- IV T3
Not used in pregnancy
In the metabolism of calcium, what hormones is responsible for increasing the blood calcium levels, by removing Ca+ from the bones ?
Parathyroid hormone
Calcitonin is realised from the _ _____ in the _________ gland. This _______ plasma calcium by reducing the reabsorption from the _________ and stoping Ca+ moving out of the ______.
c cells, thyroid, reduces, kidneys and bones
In hypocalcaemia may be caused by ???
Lack of calcium intake
Deficiency in parathyroid hormone
Lack of Vit D
Renal problems
What are the symptoms of hypocalcaemia
Neuromuscular problems
Muscle cramps
Mental deficiency
What are the treatments for hypocalcaemia?
Calcium glucoronate
Vit D - only if kidney function is not compromised
Calcitriol
