Drugs And Receptors Flashcards
Where are targets normally found on the cell?
Plasma membrane
How do drugs acting on receptors effect the cell?
Binds cause change in the cell properties
How do drugs have a effect on ion channels ?
May cause channel to open or close this allowing or stoping ion, this changes the electrical activity of the cell
How do drugs work ?
By binding to a part of a cell or tissue to produce a response.
How do drugs have a effect on carrier molecules?
They interact to increase or decrease the uptake of a substance
How do drugs have a effect on enzymes?
Can bind and either inhibit or act as a similar to the substrate and therefore either increase or decrease the rate of reaction
How do drugs have a effect on DNA?
They affect transcription, which produces transpiration and ultimately proteins, so can increase or decrease the synthesis of a protein by a cell !
Name 5 other target of drugs ?
Viruses Bacteria Fungi Helminths Amaebae
Define agonists
Bind to receptors causing a response, often mimics chemicals in the body !
Define antagonists?
Bind to receptors and stop other chemical from producing a response
Explain the second messenger effects ?
Drug binds to receptors
Activates 2nd messenger
Cascade of enzyme reactions
Response
Does nuclear receptors have to be lipid soluble or not ?
Has to be lipid soluble in order to cross the membrane
What must a drugs do to enter the nucleus ?
They must attach to a receptor in the cytoplasm which allows them to enter the nucleus !
Name 5 responses to of cells to drugs ?
Contraction Secretion Excitation Inhibition Interruption of cell cycle
Define potency ?
How much of a drug is needed to produce a certain response
If a medication had high potency, would this mean you need a small or larger dose?
Smaller
In order to release a new drug company must go through 3 sets of trials what are these ?
Animal models (vitro and Vivo)
Cloned receptors
Clinical trails
What do you need to find out about the drugs during trials ?
If it’s safe for patient, safe for offspring, how it works,how much is needed and what are the side effects ?
Name an example of a drug that binds to enzymes and explain mechanism?
Aspirin, works by blocking cyclo-oxygenate enzyme, which is responsible for producing prostaglandins, which causes inflammation
Name an example of a drug that binds to receptors and explain mechanism?
Salbutamol is a B-agonist which works on B receptors as it has a similar structure to adrenaline which causes the airways to widen
Name an example of a drug that binds to ion channels and explain mechanism?
Local anaesthetic work by blocking sodium channels, sodium is necessary for transmitting nerve impulses.
Name an 2 examples of a drug that binds to carrier molecules and explain mechanism?
Omeprazole, is a proton (H+) pump inhibitors which acts in the stomach to reduce the secretion of acid, used in treatment of stomach ulcers and heartburn.
Cocaine, inhibits uptake of noradrenaline causing it to remain in the synapse and causing the brain to be excited.
Name an example of a drug that binds to DNA and explain mechanism?
Hydrocortisone which is a steroid, which binds to DNA, reducing the production of proteins which would normally cause inflammation. Used to suppress immune response
Name 2 examples of a drugs that binds to foreign proteins and explain mechanism?
Penicillin is an antibiotic and works by weakening the cell wall of certain bacteria, causing them to stop growing and die.
Ketoconazole is an anti-fungal agent which blocks the production of ergosterol which forms part of membrane resulting the holes forming which cell content leak out of !
