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Pharmacology > Drugs and the Endocrine system > Flashcards

Drugs and the Endocrine system Flashcards

1
Q

What do you know about Carbimazole?

A

Treats hyperthyroidism by inhibiting the synthesis of thyroxine.
Side effects: Nausea, agranulocytosis, insomnia.

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2
Q

What do you know about Levothyroxine?

A

Treats hypothyroidism by acting as a thyroxine substitute

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3
Q

What do you know about Ergocalciferol?

A

Treats hypocalcaemia

Is a substitute for vitamin D

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4
Q

What do you know about Alendronic acid?

A

Treats hypercalcaemia and osteoporosis
Slows rate of bone growth
Prevents Ca2+ loss from bones

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5
Q

Fludrocortisone, hydrocortisone, prednisolone, dexamethasone and beclometasone are examples of

A

Steroids

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6
Q

What do you know about Fludrocortisone?

A

Mineralocorticoid

Treats adrenal insufficiency

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7
Q

What do you know about Hydrocortisone?

A 
Treats Addison's disease
Treats adrenal insufficiency 
Reduces inflammation during acute allergies 
Glucocorticoid 
Can be used to treat eczema as H45 cream
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8
Q

What do you know about Prednisolone?

A

Given for acute asthma attacks
Given orally
Has less mineralocorticoid activity.
More potent than hydrocortisone.

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9
Q

What do you know about Dexamethasone?

A

Treats cerebral oedema
High anti inflammatory action
Given orally or parenterally

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10
Q

What do you know about Beclometasone?

A

Asthma treatment

Brown inhaler

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11
Q

What do you know about the combined pill?

A

Inhibits ovulation
Taken for 21 days and then 7 day break
Progestogen and ethinylestradiol.
Can be used to regulate menstrual cycle (dysmenorrhoea)

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12
Q

What do you know about the mini pill?

A

Progesterone only
Alters the endometrium and cervical mucus to prevent implantation.
Can inhibit ovulation in some women.

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13
Q

What do you know about Medroxyprogesterone?

A

Contraceptive given by depot injection

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14
Q

What do you know about Tamoxifen?

A

Treats breast cancer
Oestrogen receptor antagonist - reduces oestrogen
Can cause GIT problems and menopause symptoms.

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15
Q

What do you know about Oxytocin?

A

Peptide hormone
Induces labour
Reduces post-partum haemorrhage

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16
Q

What do you know about Prostaglandins?

A

Cause muscle contractions
Induce labour/abortion
Reduces post-partum haemorrhage.

17
Q

What do you know about HRT (hormone replacement therapy)?

A

For post-menopausal women
Decrease in oestrogen
Increase in LH & FSH
Negatives: Increased risk of CV disease and osteoporosis and cancer.

18
Q

What do you know about Clomiphene?

A

Stimulates ovulation
Fertility treatment
Oestrogen antagonist inhibits negative feedback of FSH/LH

19
Q

What is hypothyroidism?

A

Underactive thyroid gland can cause goitre from insufficient t4& t3 not enough iodine.

20
Q

What is hyperthyroidism?

A

Overactive thyroid gland can cause goitre from activation of TSH receptors by antibodies (graves)

21
Q

What do you know about parathyroid hormone?

A

It promotes Ca2+ reabsorption from the kidney.

22
Q

What do you know about calcitonin?

A

Inhibits osteoclasts and reabsorption from the kidney to decrease plasma Ca2+ levels.

23
Q

Causes of hypocalcaemia

A

Inadequate Ca2+ intake
Lack of vitamin D
Renal problems
Deficienct in PTH

24
Q

What do mineralocorticoids do?

A

Balance electrolytes

25
Q

What do glucocorticoids do?

A

Increase glucose mobilisation
Increase resistance to stress
Decrease WBC

26
Q

What do you know about aldosterone?

A

Increases Na+ retention and K+ loss in DCT of the kidney

27
Q

What do you know about Methylprednisolone?

A

Glucocorticoid
Given parenterally
Used to prevent rejection in transplant patients.

28
Q

Glucocorticoids can have what kinds of effects?

A

Wide systemic

29
Q

Side effects of oral glucocorticoids

A

Stunted growth

Moon face, Hypertension, muscle wasting, osteoporosis, buffalo hump, oral thrush and dysphonia (hoarseness)

30
Q

Side effects of the combined pill

A

MI and stroke
Hypertension
Venous thromboembolytic disease; DVT, carcinomas & headaches

31
Q

Side effects of mini pill

A

Nausea
Vomiting
Breast discomfort

32
Q

What do you know about Somatatrophin?

A

analogue of hGH
Given for short stature in children
Given for Turner’s syndrome or after pituitary surgery.

Pharmacology (9 decks)

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