Drugs and the Endocrine system Flashcards
What do you know about Carbimazole?
Treats hyperthyroidism by inhibiting the synthesis of thyroxine.
Side effects: Nausea, agranulocytosis, insomnia.
What do you know about Levothyroxine?
Treats hypothyroidism by acting as a thyroxine substitute
What do you know about Ergocalciferol?
Treats hypocalcaemia
Is a substitute for vitamin D
What do you know about Alendronic acid?
Treats hypercalcaemia and osteoporosis
Slows rate of bone growth
Prevents Ca2+ loss from bones
Fludrocortisone, hydrocortisone, prednisolone, dexamethasone and beclometasone are examples of
Steroids
What do you know about Fludrocortisone?
Mineralocorticoid
Treats adrenal insufficiency
What do you know about Hydrocortisone?
Treats Addison's disease Treats adrenal insufficiency Reduces inflammation during acute allergies Glucocorticoid Can be used to treat eczema as H45 cream
What do you know about Prednisolone?
Given for acute asthma attacks
Given orally
Has less mineralocorticoid activity.
More potent than hydrocortisone.
What do you know about Dexamethasone?
Treats cerebral oedema
High anti inflammatory action
Given orally or parenterally
What do you know about Beclometasone?
Asthma treatment
Brown inhaler
What do you know about the combined pill?
Inhibits ovulation
Taken for 21 days and then 7 day break
Progestogen and ethinylestradiol.
Can be used to regulate menstrual cycle (dysmenorrhoea)
What do you know about the mini pill?
Progesterone only
Alters the endometrium and cervical mucus to prevent implantation.
Can inhibit ovulation in some women.
What do you know about Medroxyprogesterone?
Contraceptive given by depot injection
What do you know about Tamoxifen?
Treats breast cancer
Oestrogen receptor antagonist - reduces oestrogen
Can cause GIT problems and menopause symptoms.
What do you know about Oxytocin?
Peptide hormone
Induces labour
Reduces post-partum haemorrhage
What do you know about Prostaglandins?
Cause muscle contractions
Induce labour/abortion
Reduces post-partum haemorrhage.
What do you know about HRT (hormone replacement therapy)?
For post-menopausal women
Decrease in oestrogen
Increase in LH & FSH
Negatives: Increased risk of CV disease and osteoporosis and cancer.
What do you know about Clomiphene?
Stimulates ovulation
Fertility treatment
Oestrogen antagonist inhibits negative feedback of FSH/LH
What is hypothyroidism?
Underactive thyroid gland can cause goitre from insufficient t4& t3 not enough iodine.
What is hyperthyroidism?
Overactive thyroid gland can cause goitre from activation of TSH receptors by antibodies (graves)
What do you know about parathyroid hormone?
It promotes Ca2+ reabsorption from the kidney.
What do you know about calcitonin?
Inhibits osteoclasts and reabsorption from the kidney to decrease plasma Ca2+ levels.
Causes of hypocalcaemia
Inadequate Ca2+ intake
Lack of vitamin D
Renal problems
Deficienct in PTH
What do mineralocorticoids do?
Balance electrolytes
