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Pharmacology > Drugs acting on the GI tract > Flashcards

Drugs acting on the GI tract Flashcards

1
Q

Main symptoms of dyspepsia (indigestion)

A
  • discomfort or pain in the stomach
  • bloating, burping and nausea
  • heartburn
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2
Q

Main causes of dyspepsia (indigestion)

A 
Overeating
Spicy food alcohol and smoking 
Pregnancy 
Ulcers
Anxiety/stress
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3
Q

What is an ulcer?

A

Areas where damage has occurred to the mucosal membrane of the oesophagus, stomach or duodenum

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4
Q

Symptoms of ulcers

A

Pain

Bleeding

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5
Q

Causes of ulcers

A 
Bacterial infection H pylori 
NSAIDs
Smoking
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome 
Anxiety/stress
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6
Q

Symptoms of Gastro-oesophageal reflux disorder (GORD)

A

Heartburn

Sour mouth - contents of stomach coming back up

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7
Q

Main causes of gastro-oesophageal reflux disorder

A 
Overeating
Spicy food alcohol and smoking 
Pregnancy 
Certain drugs
Ulcers
Anxiety/stress
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8
Q

What kind of drugs can be used to treat indigestion, GORD and ulcers?

A

Antacids
Antisecretory drugs & mucosal protectants
Antibiotics (Ulcers only)

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9
Q

What do you know about antacids?

A

Act locally to neutralise acid in the stomach and decrease pepsin activity due to less acidic pH.
They contain calcium, aluminium and magnesium salts.

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10
Q

Rennies and Maalox are examples of…

A

Antacids

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11
Q

What do you know about Simeticone?

A

Antacid

It alters surface tension of small bubbles of gas to allow formation of large bubbles which can then be got rid of.

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12
Q

What do you know about alginates?

A

Antacids

They react with gastric juices to form a raft that floats on top and protects oesophagus from stomach contents.

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13
Q

What do you know about H2 receptor antagonists?

A

They block H2 receptors on parietal cells in stomach
Reduce acid production in stomach.
Treats indigestion and GORD

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14
Q

Cimetidine, famotidine, nizatidine and ranitidine are examples of….

A

H2 receptor antagonists

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15
Q

What do you know about proton pump inhibitors?

A

Drug names end in “prazole”

Form products that permanently bind to proton pumps so they never pump acid again.

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16
Q

Lansoprazole, omeprazole and pantoprazole are examples of…

A

Proton pump inhibitors

17
Q

The antibiotics Clarythromycin, amoxicillin, metronidazole and tetracycline treat…

A

H. pylori infection

18
Q

What do you know about Misoprostol?

A

Synthetic prostaglandin E1

Protects the stomach by preventing acid production and stimulates release of mucous release.

19
Q

What do you know about Sucralfate?

A

Reacts with acid to form a sticky paste and coat stomach ulcers.

20
Q

What do you know about antispasmodics?

A

Acts on the intestine
Reduces gut motility by relaxing smooth muscle.
Used to treat IBS and diverticular disease.

21
Q

What do you know about hyoscine butylbromide (buscopan)?

A

Antispasmodic that acts on the intestine and relaxes smooth muscle to reduce gut motility.
Side effects of constipation and dry mouth.

22
Q

What do you know about mebeverine Hydrochloride (clofac)?

A

Antispasmodic that acts on the intestine and relaxes smooth muscle to reduce gut motility.

23
Q

What do you know about gut motility stimulants?

A 
Act on the intestine stomach sphincters.
Are dopamine D2 receptor antagonists.
Increase peristalsis.
Relax pyloric sphincter
Increases oesophageal sphincter tone.
24
Q

What do you know about metoclopramide (maxolon) and domperidone (motilium)?

A

Gut motility stimulants. Dopamine receptors antagonist that increases peristalsis, relaxes pyloric sphincter and increases oesophageal sphincter tone.
Treats nausea & vomiting, IBS, dyspepsia and oesophageal reflux.

25
Q

What is the first line of treatment for acute diarrhoea?

A

Oral rehydration therapy with Dioralyte or Electrolade.

26
Q

How does oral rehydration therapy work?

A

Contains glucose to prevent water loss by stimulating absorption of water and electrolytes.

27
Q

What do you know about Loperamide (immodium)?

A

Anti diarrhoeal that acts on the small and large intestine. Work by decreasing peristalsis in intestines and decreasing explosive contractions within the colon.

28
Q

Side effects of anti diarrhoeals

A 
Nausea and vomiting
Drowsiness
Constipation
Abdominal comfort
Fast heart rate
29
Q

What are the 3 classes of laxatives?

A

Bulk forming
Stimulant
Osmotic

30
Q

What do you know about Ispaghula husk (Fybogel & REguan) ?

A

Bulk forming laxative that increases faecal mass to stimulate peristalsis.

31
Q

What do you know about Bisacodyl, dantron and senna (sennokot)?

A

Stimulant laxatives that increase peristalsis to move the stool through the large intestine.

32
Q

What do you know about Lactulose and macrogols (movicol)?

A

Osmotic laxatives that contain large sugars/magnesium & sodium salts. Not very soluble so draw water into gut and makes stool softer and easier to pass.

Pharmacology (9 decks)

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