Drug Handling in the Body

Question 1

Drug disposition IADDME

Answer 1

Intake
Absorption
Distribution 
Drug-cell interaction
Metabolism
Excretion

Question 2

Types of drug administration

Answer 2

Oral 
Topical (Skin)
Transdermal (Under skin)
Rectal
Inhalation
Parenteral

Question 3

What are the parenteral routes of administration?

Answer 3

Intravenous
Intramuscular
Intradermal
Intrathecal (into subarachnoid space)
Subcutaneous
Epidural

Question 4

Drugs have to be ______ soluble to pass into the blood.

Answer 4

Lipid-soluble

Question 5

Movement of drugs across membranes

Answer 5

1, passage through water channels
2, endocytosis
3, passive diffusion
4, facilitated or active transport

Question 6

What is facilitated transport?

Answer 6

Drug moves down concentration gradient through protein channels. No energy is needed.

Question 7

What is active transport?

Answer 7

Drug moves against concentration gradient using ATP

Question 8

What is endocytosis?

Answer 8

A form of active transport in which a cell transports molecules (such as proteins) into the cell by engulfing them in an energy-using process.

Question 9

Which organ gets the most blood flow?

Answer 9

Kidney

Question 10

Which organ gets the 2nd most blood flow?

Answer 10

Myocardium/heart

Question 11

Drugs can bind to proteins in the blood like…

Answer 11

Albumin

Question 12

What is drug metabolism?

Answer 12

The enzyme-mediated conversion of a lipid-soluble compound into a more water-soluble one.

Question 13

Where does the most metabolism take place?

Answer 13

The liver

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 14

What happens in phase 1 metabolism?

Answer 14

Chemical structure of drug is modified.
Drug made more water-soluble.
Drugs prepared for phase 2

Question 15

Are the products of phase 1 metabolism more or less chemically reactive than the parent drug?

Answer 15

More

Question 16

What happens in phase 2 reactions?

Answer 16

Conjugate drug to large molecules. 
Products are:
-Water-soluble
-Increased molecular weight 
-Inactive

Question 17

How is drug excretion increased?

Answer 17

• Increase blood flow to the kidneys

- Decrease plasma protein binding

Question 18

How can drugs be excreted?

Answer 18

• Urine
• Bile
• faeces
• lungs
• Skin

Question 19

What is the half-life of a drug?

Answer 19

The time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to decrease to one-half of the peak level. The rate at which drugs are eliminated from the body.

Question 20

What is the therapeutic window?

Answer 20

The window between the minimum therapeutic concentration and the minimum toxic concentration.