Drugs acting on the kidney Flashcards
What are diuretics?
Drugs that increase the amount of fluid and salts excreted by the kidney.
What are the main uses of diuretics?
Oedema (fluid collection in the tissues)
Hypertension
Glaucoma
Diuretics and oedema why do they work?
Increased urine production draws more fluid out of swollen tissues and reduces swelling.
Diuretics and hypertension, why do they work?
Increased urine production decreases blood volume and blood pressure.
What do you know about Thiazide and Thiazide related diuretics?
Act on distal convoluted tubule
Treat oedema and hypertension
Block chloride pump to increase excretion of sodium, chloride & potassium.
Bendroflumethazide is an example of a…
Thiazide diuretic
Metolazone and Indapamide are examples of…
Thiazide related diuretics
Side effects of Thiazides
Hypokalemia
Hypocalcemia
Hyperuricemia (high uric acid)
Hyperglycemia (high sugar)
What do you know about Loop Diuretics?
Acts on ascending loop of Henle.
Used to treat oedema and hypertension
Blocks Na/K/Cl pump to increase excretion of all 3
Side effects of loop diuretics
Hypokalemia Hypocalcemia Hyperuricemia Hyperglycemia Deafness
Furosemide and bumetanide are examples of…
Loop diuretics
What do you know about potassium sparing diuretics?
Act on the late distal tubule and the collecting duct.
Increase water, Na, Cl & Ca excretion.
Decrease K & H excretion.
Used to treat oedema, hypertension and hypokalaemia.
What do you know about Spironolactone?
Potassium sparing diuretic
Treats oedema, hypertension, hypokalaemia and Conn’s syndrome (hyperaldosteronism)
Aldosterone antagonists like spironolactone and eplerenone are examples of…
potassium sparing diuretics
sodium channel blockers like amiloride and triamterene are examples of…
potassium sparing diuretics
