Drugs and mental health Flashcards
What are 3 classes of drugs used to treat depression?
SSRIs, TCAs, MAOIs
What are two classes of drugs used to treat anxiety?
SSRIs and benzodiazepines
Give 5 disorders covered by anxiety?
- Panic disorder
- Obsessive compulsive disorder
- Generalised anxiety disorder
- Social anxiety disorder
- Phobias
What are anxiety reducing drugs called?
Anxiolytics
Which class of anxiolytics also has anticonvulsant activity?
Benzodiazepines
What do benzodiazepines selectively act on?
GABA a receptors
Give 5 effects of benzodiazepines?
- Reduction in anxiety
- Sedation
- Reduction in muscle tone and coordination
- Anticonvulsant
- Anterograde amnesia.
What does MDD (major depressive disorder) result in?
Sad depressive mood every day for minimum 2 weeks and a loss of pleasure as well as 4 of the following:
- Disruption of appetite, sleep, concentration
- Loss of energy, fatigue
- Negative self-concepts
- Recurret thoughts of death, suicide
- Reactive of endogenous
What is the biogenic amine hypothesis of depression?
Decreased amine levels in the brain (NA, 5-HT and DA)
Give 4 SSRIs
- Fluxetine
- Citalopram
- Paraxetine
- Sertraline
What is the therapeutic delay for all antidepressants?
2+ weeks
Where do most 5-HT neurons in the CNS have soma?
In the raphe nuclei (have 5-HT1A receptors on dendrites and soma), midbrain and medulla
Where do most 5-HT neurons send their axons?
Limbic areas in the forebrain
How many potential susceptibility genes are there for schizophrenia?
20
Give 3 characteristics of positive schizophrenia symptoms?
- Hallucinations
- Delusions
- Innapropriate emotions and actions
Give 4 characteristics of negative schizophrenia symptoms?
- Apathy
- Depression
- Social incompetence
- Loss of insight.
What are hallucinations and delusions associated with?
The mesolimbic pathway
What is the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia?
Disregulation of dopamine neurotransmission, hyperactive dopamine system.
Give 2 typical antipsychotics
- Haloperidol
2. Chlopromazine
Give 2 atypical antipsychotics
- Quetiapine
2. Clozapine
What do antipsychotics owe their therapeutic effects to?
Blockade of D2 receptors
Give 2 negative effects of using atypical antipsychotics
- Parkinson’s-like symptoms
2. Tardive dyskinesia.
Give two endocrine effects of antipsychotics.
- DA in hypothalamus acts as release inhibiting factor for prolactin, increasing prolactin plasma concentration
- DA controls other hormones, cause a decrease in growth hormone.