Drugs, Alcohol & Pathogens Flashcards
What is the effect of a painkiller?
Something that takes away pain by blocking nerve impulses
What does the term ‘drug’ mean?
A substance that changes the way the body works
What is the effect of a stimulant?
Something that increases the speed of your reactions
What is the effect if a depressant?
Slows down activity of neurons in the brain and helps us relax
What is the effect of a hallucinogen?
Something that changes the way we hear see you later and feel
Explain what is meant by the term ‘addictive drugs’?
People become dependent on them and feel that they cannot function properly without them
Describe two short term effects of alcohol
Blurred vision
Slower reactions
Describe two long term effects off alcohol
Brain damage
Liver cirrhosis
Describe the outcomes of the smoking experiment
The glass wool turned yellow as a result of the tar
The temperature on the thermometer went up slightly
The limewater went cloudy because CO2 was given off
The universal indicator turned yellowish because the air became more acidic
What does carcinogenic mean?
It causes cancer
How does tar affect our body?
Stains teeth and nails yellow
Is carcinogenic
How does carbon monoxide affect our body?
It replaces oxygen cells in red blood cells
How does nicotine affect our body?
It is addictive
What is a pathogen?
A microorganism that causes disease
How is salmonella transferred?
By food
How is cholera transferred?
By water
How is tuberculosis transferred?
By air
How is dysentery transferred
By flies (vector)
How is athletes foot transferred?
By contact
How is HIV transferred?
By body fluid
How is influenza transferred?
By air
How are mumps transferred?
By contact
How is malaria transferred?
By mosquitoes (vector)
What is a vector?
Something that carries disease
Suggest why dentists are required to wear gloves when working on patients teeth
So that no infected blood can get on their hands and into cuts
Give three examples of a PHYSICAL barrier
Skin
Mucus
Blood clotting
Give two examples of a CHEMICAL barrier
Hydrochloric acid in the stomach
Lysozyme in tears
What is the definition of antiseptic?
A substance that is used to stop the spread of pathogens
What is the definition of antibiotic?
A substance that kills bacteria or slows the growth of it (NOT VIRUSES)
When do doctors prescribe antibiotics to patients?
If they have a bacterial infection
What is a parasite?
Something that lives in or on another organism and takes food from it while it is still living
What is a mutualist?
A relationship where both organisms benefit
Why can drugs like paracetamol be bought over the counter but not drugs like morphine?
Because morphine is a lot stronger and more addictive
