Classification Flashcards
Kingdom, Phylum…?
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
What is a poikilotherm?
A ‘cold blooded’ animal - changes temperature with its surroundings
What is a homeotherm?
A ‘warm blooded’ animal - controlled, constant body temperature
What does viviparous mean?
That the animal gives birth to live young
What does oviparous mean?
That the animal lays eggs
What are the 5 kingdoms?
Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Prtoctista, Prokaryotae
Describe Animalia
Multi-cellular
No cell walls
No chlorophyll
Feed heterotrophically
Describe Plantae
Multi-cellular
Have cell walls
Have chlorophyll
Feed autotrophically
Describe Fungi
Multi-cellular
Have cell walls
Don’t have chlorophyll
Feed saprophytically
Describe Protoctista
Uni-cellular
Have a nucleus
Describe Prokaryotae
Uni-cellular
Have no nucleus
Why is a virus not in any of the five kingdoms?
Because viruses aren’t alive - they don’t follow the 7 life processes
King Philip Catches Oranges For Good Singers
Kings Pick Cherries On Friday Garden Surprise
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
What is a chordate?
Something that has a backbone or supporting rod
What is an autotroph?
Something that makes food from small molecules using an energy source
What is a heterotroph?
Something that eats and digests other organisms
What is a saprophyte?
Something that gets food from other organisms outside the body and absorbs digested food
What is a ring species?
A ring of populations, in which neighboring species can breed but the 2 at the end can’t
What are the five chordates?
Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals
Describe a hybrid
Infertile offspring produced by two different species
What is the definition of fertile?
Can reproduce
What is the definition of variation?
Difference in characteristics
What are the two causes of variation?
Genetics
Environment
What is the definition of a causation?
Where one thing is caused by another
What does it mean by ‘concordant results’?
Similar results
How can you make sure you have valid results?
Fair test
Measure what you are meant to measure
Compare to secondary evidence (textbook, internet etc.)
What is continuous variation?
When a variable can have any numerical value - normal distribution curve
Eg. height, weight, heart rate
What is discontinuous variation?
Not a continuous range - discrete data
Eg. gender, blood group
What is artificial selection?
Where man selects
What is speciation?
Development of a new species
How does speciation happen
Two populations of the same species are split by physical barriers
Populations adapt to new environments
Extreme environments
- Deep sea vents- Angler fish
- Volcanic vents- Chemosynthetic bacteria
- Polar regions- Polar bears, penguins
How are Angler fish adapted?
-rod shaped spine that gives off light and attracts prey
How are Chemosynthetic bacteria adapted to volcanic vents
-Bacteria use chemicals from the vents to chemosynthesise
How are polar bears adapted to the polar regions
- Compact round shape with a small surface area compared to volume
- Thick layer of blubber for insulation
- Thick hairy coats trap a layer of warm air next to the skin
How are penguins adapted
- Thick layer of insulating fat
- Oily feathers to shed water and reduce heat loss
- Huddle together in groups
- Streamlined body so they can swim fast and catch fish
What is natural selection?
Survival of the fittest
Some individuals or more able than others to compete for resources as they are better adapted to the environment
Evidence to support evolution
DNA research
Resistant organisms
DNA research
- Evolution suggests all organisms evolved from shared common ancestors
- Closely related species diverged more recently
- Scientists have found that organisms that diverged more recently have more similar DNA
Resistant organisms
- Poison warfarin was used to kill rats
- A certain genes gives rats resistance to this
- These rats are more likely to survive and breed
How the scientific community validates evidence
- Publish their work in scientific journals
- Other scientists read and review the work
- Repeating experiments to try and get the same results
- Scientific conferences
Why is accurate classification not always easy?
- Not all organisms ‘interbreed’ like it says, some reproduce asexually but are still the same species
- Many duck species can interbreed to produce fertile hybrids
- There can be lots of variation within a species- eg in dogs
- Ring species
Organisms are the same species if…
They can interbreed to produce fertile offspring
How does the binomial system help to conserve species
Easy to presume two similar looking organisms are the same species when they’re actually different
This could mean only one species is protected whilst the other becomes extinct
How does the binomial system help to identify species
Avoids confusion where common names mean different things in different places
How does the binomial system help to study species?
By identifying and naming species, scientists can share information on them
How has the binomial system helped scientists?
- Identifying species
- Study species
- Conserve species
- Target conservation efforts
